SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

SCHEDULE 14A

(RULE14a-101)

INFORMATION REQUIRED IN PROXY STATEMENT

SCHEDULE 14A INFORMATION

PROXY STATEMENT PURSUANT TO SECTION 14(a) OF THE

SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

(AMENDMENT NO.    )


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ProAssurance Corporation

(Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)


(Name of Person(s) Filing Proxy statement, if Other Than the Registrant)


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LOGO

PROASSURANCE CORPORATION

100 Brookwood Place

Birmingham, Alabama 35209

NOTICE OF ANNUAL MEETING OF STOCKHOLDERS

to be held May 20, 2020

24, 2023

To our Stockholders:

The Annual Meeting of Stockholders of ProAssurance Corporation (“ProAssurance”) will be held at 9:00 a.m., Central Daylight Time, on Wednesday, May 20, 2020,24, 2023, in the O’Neil Multimedia Room at the headquarters of ProAssurance, located at 100 Brookwood Place, Birmingham, Alabama 35209, for the following purposes:

(1)

To elect four (4) directors of ProAssurance as Class I directors, three (3) to serve until the 2023 annual meeting and one (1) to serve until the 2021 annual meeting, and until his or her successor is elected and qualified;

(2)

To ratify the appointment of Ernst & Young LLP as independent auditors;

(3)

An advisory vote to approve the compensation of our named executive officers disclosed in this proxy statement;

(4)

To transact such other business as may properly come before the annual meeting or any adjournment or postponement thereof.

(1)To elect four (4) directors of ProAssurance as Class I directors to serve until the 2026 annual meeting, and until his or her successor is elected and qualified;
(2)To ratify the appointment of Ernst & Young LLP as independent auditors;
(3)An advisory vote to approve the compensation of our named executive officers disclosed in this proxy statement;
(4)An advisory vote to determine the frequency (whether every one, two, or three years or abstaining) with which stockholders of the company shall be entitled to have an advisory vote on executive compensation; and
(5)To transact such other business as may properly come before the annual meeting or any adjournment or postponement thereof.
The Board of Directors set March 27, 2020,2023, as the record date for the annual meeting. You are entitled to notice of, and to vote at, the annual meeting only if you were a holder of record of shares of ProAssurance’s Common Stock at the close of business on the record date. The stock transfer books will not be closed.

We may adjourn the annual meeting without notice other than announcement at the meeting or adjournments thereof, and any business for which notice is hereby given may be transacted at any such adjournment.

We have provided details concerning those matters to come before the annual meeting in the accompanying proxy statement. Whether you plan to attend the annual meeting or not, please sign, date and return the enclosed proxy card in the envelope provided. Returning your proxy card does not deprive you of your right to attend the annual meeting and to vote your shares in person.

A copy of ProAssurance’s Annual Report to the Stockholders for the year ended December 31, 2019 is enclosed,2022, accompanies our proxy materials and is also available in the “Investor Relations” section of our website at Investor.ProAssurance.com. We hope you will find it informative.

By order of the Board of Directors,

LOGO


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Jeffrey P. Lisenby

Secretary

April 9, 2020

11, 2023



LOGO


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PROASSURANCE CORPORATION

100 Brookwood Place

Birmingham, Alabama 35209


PROXY STATEMENT

Annual Meeting of Stockholders

to be held May 20, 2020

24, 2023

INTRODUCTION

We are furnishing this proxy statement and proxy card to the stockholders of ProAssurance Corporation, which we sometimes refer to as “ProAssurance” or the “Company,” on behalf of ProAssurance’s Board of Directors on or about April 9, 2020.11, 2023. Our Board of Directors is soliciting your proxy to vote your shares at the Annual Meeting of ProAssurance’s Stockholders to be held at 9:00 a.m., Central Daylight Time, on Wednesday, May 20, 2020,24, 2023, in the O’Neil Multimedia Room of our headquarters located at 100 Brookwood Place, Birmingham, Alabama 35209, or at any adjournment or postponement thereof.

What is a proxy?

A proxy is a person or persons whom you designate to vote your stock. If you designate someone as your proxy in a written document, that document is called a proxy card.

Who pays for the proxy solicitation?

ProAssurance will pay the expenses of the preparation of proxy materials and the solicitation of proxies for the annual meeting. Certain of our directors, officers or employees may solicit your proxy and they will receive no additional compensation for such solicitation. We will reimburse brokers and other nominees for costs incurred by them in mailing proxy materials to beneficial owners in accordance with applicable rules.

What is the purpose of the annual meeting?

As outlined in the meeting notice, at the annual meeting the stockholders will be asked to elect four (4) members to the Board of Directors of ProAssurance as Class I directors, and to ratify the appointment of Ernst & Young LLP as independent auditors. Additionally, stockholders will be asked to cast an advisory vote on the approval of our executive compensation as disclosed in this proxy statement.

statement and on the frequency that we will hold advisory votes on executive compensation.

How does the Board of Directors recommend that I vote?

The Board of Directors recommends a vote FOR electing all nominees for director (Proposal 1); FOR ratifying the appointment of Ernst & Young LLP as our independent auditors (Proposal 2); and FOR the approval of the compensation of our named executive officers as disclosed in this proxy statement (Proposal 3); and for 1 YEAR as the preferred frequency for advisory votes on executive compensation (Proposal 4).

What is the record date and what does it mean?

The Board of Directors set March 27, 2020,2023, as the record date for the annual meeting. You are entitled to notice of, and to vote at, the annual meeting if you owned shares as of the close of business on our record date.

How many shares are entitled to vote at the annual meeting?

At the close of business on the record date, there were 53,840,48763,257,275 issued shares of our common stock, par value $0.01 per share (“Common Stock”). Of that amount, we hold 9,325,1809,192,209 shares as treasury shares that cannot be voted at the meeting. You are entitled to one vote in person or by proxy on all matters properly to come before the annual meeting for each share of our Common Stock that you owned on the record date.


What constitutes a quorum?

The presence, in person or by proxy, of the holders ofone-third of the shares of Common Stock entitled to vote at the meeting will constitute a quorum to conduct business at the annual meeting. Proxies received but marked as abstentions and “brokernon-votes” (which occur when proxies for shares held by brokers or nominees for beneficial owners are received but not voted on a matter) will be included in the calculation of the number of shares considered to be present at the meeting.

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How do I vote?

If you are a record owner of our Common Stock you may vote your shares by attending the meeting and voting in person or you may appoint a proxy to vote your shares on matters properly presented at the annual meeting in any of three ways:

by signing and returning the enclosed proxy card in the enclosed envelope; or

by using the internet in accordance with instructions on the enclosed proxy card; or

by using a touchtone telephone and following the instructions on the enclosed proxy card.

If you properly cast your vote, and your vote is not subsequently revoked, your vote will be voted in accordance with your instructions. Stockholders appointing proxies via the internet and by telephone should understand that there may be costs associated with proxy appointments in such manners, such as usage charges from internet access providers and telephone companies, which must be borne by the stockholder.

How do I vote if my shares are in “street name”?

If you hold shares in “street name” (that is, through a bank, broker, or other nominee), your shares must be voted in accordance with instructions provided by the nominee. If your shares are held in the name of a nominee and you would like to attend the annual meeting and vote in person, you may contact the person in whose name your shares are registered and obtain a proxy from that person and bring it to the annual meeting.

How do I know if I hold my shares in “street name”?

If your shares are held in a brokerage account or by a bank or other nominee, you are considered the beneficial owner of those shares, and your shares are considered held in “street name.” However, if your shares are registered directly in your name with Computershare, our transfer agent, you are considered the record owner of those shares.

How do I appoint my proxy on the internet?

You can appoint your proxy at www.proxyvote.com, regardless of how you hold your shares. You will need to have the Control Number from your proxy notice or proxy card available.

Will my proxy appointment on the internet be secure and accurate?

The internet and telephone procedures are designed to authenticate stockholders’ identities, to allow stockholders to give their voting instructions and to confirm that stockholders’ instructions have been recorded properly. We have been advised that the internet and telephone procedures that have been made available to you are consistent with the requirements of applicable law.

What is the deadline for submitting my proxy?

Proxy appointments must be received by 11:59 p.m., Central Daylight Time, on May 19, 2020.23, 2023. You will still have the right to vote in person at the meeting even if you submit your proxy via the internet or by telephone.

Can I revoke my proxy?

Yes. You may revoke your proxy prior to the annual meeting by either (i) submitting to ProAssurance a properly executed proxy bearing a later date, (ii) by providing different telephone or internet instructions at a

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later date, or (iii) by giving written notice of revocation to the Secretary of ProAssurance. You may also revoke your proxy by voting your shares at the annual meeting. The mailing address of ProAssurance is P.O. Box 590009, Birmingham, Alabama 35259-0009, and the street address is 100 Brookwood Place, Birmingham, Alabama 35209.

Are the materials for the annual meeting available on the internet?

Yes. The materials for ProAssurance’s 20202023 Annual Meeting of Stockholders (the 20192022 Annual Report to the Stockholders, which includes our Annual Report on Form10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019,2022, proxy statement and proxy card) are available on the internet at www.proxyvote.com. Our proxy statement and proxy card for the annual meeting and our 20192022 Annual Report also will be available through the “Investor Relations” section of our website at http://investor.ProAssurance.com/docs until at least May 20, 2021.24, 2024. Our Annual Report to the Stockholders and Annual Report on Form
10-K, and other materials on our website are not proxy soliciting materials.

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How do I receive a printed copy of the materials for the annual meeting?

You may obtain a printed copy of this proxy statement, our 20192022 Annual Report to the Stockholders and 20192022 Annual Report on Form10-K (including the financial statements and financial statement schedules but without exhibits) without charge by contacting Ken McEwenJason Gingerich, VP of Investor Relations, at our address shown above, by telephone at(205) 877-4400 or(800) 282-6242, or bye-mail at Investor@ProAssurance.com. Copies of exhibits to the Annual Report on Form10-K will be provided upon specific request subject to a charge to cover the cost of producing the copies. You may also request a copy through www.proxyvote.com using your Control Number.

How can I get information or documents regarding corporate governance at ProAssurance?

Our Board of Directors has adopted charters for our Audit Committee, Compensation Committee, and Nominating/Corporate Governance Committee, as well as Corporate Governance Principles and our Code of Ethics and Conduct. All of these documents and policies are available in the Corporate Governance section of our website, http://investor.ProAssurance.com/govdocs.

We recognize the growing emphasis being placed on disclosure regarding Environmental Social and Governance issues. In addition to our robust disclosure of governance-related charters, our Code of Ethics & Conduct, and our Corporate Governance Principles, our Environmental Social and SocialGovernance disclosures are available in the Corporate Responsibility section of our website, https://investor.proassurance.com/CustomPage/Index?KeyGenPage=1073754513.corporate-responsibility. In that section we provide disclosures regarding our positionpositions on Conflict Metals and Human Rights, our Health and Safety Policy, our Environmental Commitment, our position on Human Rights, our commitment to bebeing an Employer of Choice, and a report on the diversity of our workforce and our Board of Directors.

Printed copies of our committee charters, Corporate Governance Principles, Code of Ethics and Conduct, and our Environmental and Social disclosures may be obtained by contacting Ken McEwen,Jason Gingerich, VP of Investor Relations, Manager, ProAssurance Corporation, either by mail at P.O. Box 590009, Birmingham, Alabama 35259-0009, by telephone at(205) 877-4400 or(800) 282-6242 or bye-mail at Investor@ProAssurance.com.

SOLICITATION BY BOARD OF DIRECTORS

Our Board of Directors is soliciting your proxy to vote at the 20202023 annual meeting. In addition to the solicitation of proxies by mail and the internet, solicitation may be made by certain of our directors, officers or employees telephonically, electronically or by other means of communication. We have not retained a proxy solicitor to assist in the solicitation of proxies, but if we decide to do so we will pay for the fees and other expenses of the solicitor.

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PROPOSAL 1 — ELECTION OF DIRECTORS

The term for our Class I directors will expire at the 20202023 annual meeting. The Board of Directors has nominated Fabiola Cobarrubias, M.D., Samuel A. Di Piazza, Jr., C.P.A., Edward L. Rand, Jr., and Katisha T. Vance, M.D., for election to the

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Board of Directors at the 20202023 annual meeting as Class I directors, to serve until the annual meeting in 2023. Robert E. Flowers, M.D., has been nominated for election to the Board of Directors at the 2020 annual meeting as a Class I director, to serve until the annual meeting in 2021. Dr. Flowers has agreed to retire from the board at the 2021 annual meeting in anticipation of creating a vacancy on the board for the election of a nominee made pursuant to the Agreement and Plan of Acquisition with NORCAL Mutual Insurance Company, which we disclosed in a Form8-K filed on February 21, 2020 and is expected to close prior to the 2021 annual meeting.

Samuel A. Di Piazza, Jr., C.P.A.(Age 69) has served as a director of ProAssurance since January 2014. Mr. Di Piazza is a member of the Board of Trustees of Mayo Clinic and was appointed its Chairman in February 2014. Mr. Di Piazza served as Vice Chairman of the Institutional Clients Group of Citibank from 2011 until his retirement from Citibank in February 2014. Prior to his service with Citibank, Mr. Di Piazza was a partner with PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP (and its predecessor, Coopers & Lybrand) for thirty years. Mr. Di Piazza currently serves as a director for AT&T Inc. (NYSE:T) (and for DIRECTV prior to its merger with AT&T), Jones Lang Lasalle, Inc. (NYSE:JLL); Regions Financial Corporation (NYSE:RF); and formerly served as a director of Apollo Education Group, Inc. (NASDAQ:APOL).

Robert E. Flowers, M.D. (Age 70) has served as a director of ProAssurance since June 2001 and served as our lead director from 2012 to 2018. Prior to June 2001, Dr. Flowers served as a director of our insurance subsidiary, ProAssurance Indemnity Company, Inc. (formerly, The Medical Assurance Company, Inc.) from 1985 to 2001, and as a director of its former holding company, Medical Assurance, Inc. (1995-2001). Dr. Flowers practiced as a physician with Gynecology Associates of Dothan P.C., Dothan, Alabama, prior to his retirement in 2001.

Edward L. Rand, Jr. (Age 53) was elected to the Board of Directors in 2019 for aone-year term expiring at the 2020 annual meeting. Mr. Rand is the President and Chief Executive Officer of ProAssurance Corporation. Mr. Rand, who assumed this position at ProAssurance on July 1, 2019, was formerly Chief Operating Officer, and has served as Chief Financial Officer, Executive Vice President, and Senior Vice President of Finance since joining ProAssurance in November of 2004. Prior to joining ProAssurance, Mr. Rand was Chief Accounting Officer and Head of Corporate Finance for PartnerRe Ltd. from 2000 - 2004. He also served as the Chief Financial Officer of Atlantic American Corporation from 1996 - 2000 and Controller of United Capitol Insurance Company from 1992 - 1996. Prior to that time, Mr. Rand was employed by Coopers & Lybrand (now PriceWaterhouseCoopers) for four years. Mr. Rand is a graduate of Davidson College, where he received a B.A. in Economics.

Katisha T. Vance, M.D. (Age 45) has served as a director of ProAssurance since May 2017. Dr. Vance is a board-certified oncologist / hematologist practicing at Birmingham Hematology and Oncology (d/b/a Alabama Oncology) in Birmingham, Alabama. She has previously served as the President of the Jefferson County Medical Society. Dr. Vance received her M.D. degree from the University of Alabama School of Medicine in Birmingham, Alabama, trained in internal medicine at Baptist Health System in Birmingham, Alabama, and completed a fellowship in medical oncology and hematology at the University of Alabama at Birmingham.

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Fabiola Cobarrubias, M.D. (Age 56) was elected to the Board of Directors in May 2021 and previously served as Vice Chair of NORCAL’s Board, Chair of the Governance Committee, and a member of the Audit and Investment Committees. Dr. Cobarrubias also served on the Board of Preferred Physicians Medical RRG, a NORCAL affiliate that provides specialty medical professional liability insurance for Anesthesia. Dr. Cobarrubias holds an M.B.A. from Haas School of Business at the University of California, Berkeley, an M.D. from the University of California, San Francisco, and a Bachelor of Science degree from Brown University. Dr. Cobarrubias has served as a hospitalist at the California Pacific Medical Center for over 25 years, where she held the position of Medical Director – Hospitals Service from 2004 to 2011. She is also a founder, CEO, and current board Member of Pacific Inpatient Medical Group, where she is responsible for high-level management and administration of all aspects of the physician-owned hospitalist medical group consisting of more than 75 physicians across five different acute care hospitals throughout the San Francisco Bay Area.
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Samuel A. Di Piazza, Jr., C.P.A. (Age 72) has served as a director of ProAssurance since January 2014. Mr. Di Piazza is the former Chairman of the Board of Trustees of Mayo Clinic, having served on the Board from 2010 to 2022. Mr. Di Piazza served as Vice Chairman of the Institutional Clients Group of Citibank from 2011 until his retirement from Citibank in February 2014. Prior to his service with Citibank, Mr. Di Piazza was a partner with PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP (and its predecessor, Coopers & Lybrand) for thirty-six years and served as its Global CEO from 2001 until 2009. Mr. Di Piazza currently serves as Chairman of Warner Bros. Discovery Inc. (NASDAQ:WBD), and as a director of Jones Lang Lasalle, Inc. (NYSE:JLL); and Regions Financial Corporation (NYSE:RF).
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Edward L. Rand, Jr. (Age 56) is the President and Chief Executive Officer of ProAssurance Corporation and was first elected to the Board of Directors in 2019. He formerly served as Chief Operating Officer, Chief Financial Officer, Executive Vice President, and Senior Vice President of Finance since joining ProAssurance in November of 2004. Prior to joining ProAssurance, Mr. Rand was Chief Accounting Officer and Head of Corporate Finance for PartnerRe Ltd. from 2000 to 2004. He also served as the Chief Financial Officer of Atlantic American Corporation from 1996 to 2000 and Controller of United Capitol Insurance Company from 1992 to 1996. Prior to that time, Mr. Rand was employed by Coopers & Lybrand (now PriceWaterhouseCoopers) for four years. Mr. Rand is a graduate of Davidson College, where he received a B.A. in Economics.
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Katisha T. Vance, M.D. (Age 48) has served as a director of ProAssurance since May 2017. Dr. Vance is a board-certified oncologist / hematologist practicing at Birmingham Hematology and Oncology (d/b/a Alabama Oncology) in Birmingham, Alabama. She has previously served as the President of the Jefferson County Medical Society. Dr. Vance received her M.D. degree from the University of Alabama School of Medicine in Birmingham, Alabama, trained in internal medicine at Baptist Health System in Birmingham, Alabama, and completed a fellowship in medical oncology and hematology at the University of Alabama at Birmingham.
The persons named in our Board’s proxy card have advised us that, unless a contrary direction is indicated on your proxy card, they intend to vote the shares appointing them as proxies in favor of the named nominees. If the nominees should be unable to serve, and the Board of Directors knows of no reason to anticipate that this will occur, the persons named in the proxy card will vote for such other person or persons as may be recommended by our Nominating/Corporate Governance Committee and designated by the Board of Directors, or the Board of Directors may decide not to elect an additional person as a director. The persons named in the proxy card will have no authority to vote for the election of any person other than the nominees or their substitutes in the election of directors.

All of the nominees have been approved, recommended and nominated for election to the Board of Directors by our Nominating/Corporate Governance Committee and by our Board of Directors in accordance with our Corporate Governance Principles. In addition, all nominees have tendered their irrevocable conditional resignations in accordance with ourBy-Laws and Corporate Governance Principles, as further discussed below.

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OurBy-Laws require majority voting for the election of directors in uncontested elections (elections where the number of nominees is not greater than the number of directors to be elected). Directors in uncontested elections must receive a greater number of votes “for” their election than votes “withheld” from such election. OurBy-Laws provide that directors in contested elections are elected under a plurality vote standard in which nominees receiving the most votes are elected, regardless of how many shares are voted against the nominee. A contested election is one in which there are more nominees than directors to be elected. The election of directors pursuant to this Proposal 1 is an uncontested election.

With respect to the election of directors, you may vote for all of the nominees or withhold authority to vote for any or all of the nominees. The New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”) prohibits brokers from voting uninstructed shares in a proposal relating to, among other corporate governance items, the election of directors.As a result, if you hold your shares in “street name” with your broker and you do not specifically instruct your broker how to vote on the election of the directors, your broker will not vote for you on Proposal 1 (election(Election of directors)Directors), Proposal 3 (Advisory Vote on Executive Compensation), or Proposal 4 (Frequency of Advisory Vote).The vote required for Proposal 1 (election of directors) is a majority of the votes present in person or by proxy at the meeting and entitled to vote on the proposal, with “majority” meaning that the number of shares voted “for” a
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director’s election exceeds the number of shares voted “against” such director’s election. The vote required for Proposal 3 (Advisory Vote on Executive Compensation) is a majority of the votes present in person or by proxy at the meeting and entitled to vote on the proposal, with “majority” meaning that the number of shares voted “for” approval of the proposed executive compensation exceeds the number of shares voted “against” such executive compensation. The Board of Directors will consider the stockholders' vote on an advisory basis. The vote required for Proposal 4 (Frequency of Advisory Vote) is the affirmative vote of a majority of the votes present in person or by proxy at the meeting and entitled to vote on the proposal. If none of the frequency alternatives (one year, two years, or three years) receive a majority vote, the Board of Directors will consider the frequency that receives the highest number of votes by stockholders to be the frequency that has been selected by stockholders, on an advisory basis.
Abstentions and brokernon-votes will have no effect on the outcome of the voting on these proposals. If you fail to provide your specific voting instructions, your broker may only vote your shares on the proposal.

ratification of the appointment of the Corporation’s independent registered public accounting firm.

Under the laws of Delaware, ProAssurance’s state of incorporation, if an incumbent director is not elected, that director continues to serve as a “holdover director” until the director’s successor is duly elected and qualified, even if there are more votes “withheld” than cast “for” the director. As a result, the Board of Directors has adopted a policy that requires each nominee for election as a director to tender, as a condition to the Board of Directors’ nomination of that director, a written irrevocable resignation as a director to be effective after the annual meeting at which such person is nominated for election to the Board of Directors if the following conditions are satisfied: (1) such person is nominated as a director in an uncontested election; (2) such person receives a greater number of “withheld” votes from his or her election than votes “for” such election; and (3) such resignation is accepted by the Board of Directors. If any nominee in an uncontested election does not receive the required vote for election, the Board of Directors will decide whether to accept or reject the resignation previously tendered by such nominee. The Board of Directors may consider all factors it deems relevant in deciding whether to reject a tendered resignation, including, but not limited to, the following: (i) any stated reasons why stockholders withheld votes from such nominee, (ii) any alternatives for curing the underlying cause of the withheld votes, (iii) if the nominee is a current director, the director’s tenure, (iv) the nominee’s qualifications, (v) the nominee’s past and expected future contributions to ProAssurance, and (vi) the overall composition of the Board of Directors, including whether accepting the resignation would cause ProAssurance to fail to meet any applicable SEC or NYSE requirements. The Board of Directors is required to act on the resignation within ten days following certification of the stockholder vote indicating that such person received a greater number of “withheld” votes in the uncontested election. A director who is elected in an uncontested election but who received a greater number of “withheld” votes will serve as a director until the Board accepts such director’s resignation.

THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS UNANIMOUSLY RECOMMENDS THAT THE STOCKHOLDERS VOTEFORTHE NOMINEES NOMINATED FOR ELECTION AS DIRECTORS BY THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS.

Board of Directors

Our Certificate of Incorporation provides that our Board of Directors is comprised of at least three and not more than twenty-four directors, as determined by the Board of Directors. The Certificate of Incorporation requires that our directors be divided into three classes as nearly equal as possible and that the directors serve staggered terms of three years. The remaining directors may fill any vacancies on the Board of Directors resulting from the death, resignation or removal of a director or from any increase in the number of directors. A director elected by the directors to fill a vacancy on the Board of Directors holds office until the next election of the class of directors for which such director has been chosen. The Board of Directors is currently comprised of twelve directors.

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The Board of Directors has nominated Fabiola Cobarrubias, M.D., Samuel A. Di Piazza, Jr., C.P.A., Robert E. Flowers, M.D., Edward L. Rand, Jr., and Katisha T. Vance, M.D. for election to the Board of Directors at the 20202023 annual meeting as Class I directors as set forth above under the caption “Proposal 1 — Election of Directors.” Messrs. Di Piazza and Rand and Drs. Flowers and Vance are currently Class I directors whose terms will expire at the annual meeting. Information regarding the nominees is set forth above and information regarding the directors continuing in office is set forth below, all of which was confirmed by them for inclusion in this proxy statement. Information regarding stock ownership by the nominees and continuing directors is set forth in the table under the caption “Beneficial Ownership of Our Common Stock” included elsewhere in this proxy statement.

Class II Directors Continuing Continuing in Office — Term Expiring in 2021

M. James Gorrie(Age 57) has served as a director of ProAssurance since May 2012. Mr. Gorrie is the President and Chief Executive Officer of Brasfield & Gorrie, Inc. in Birmingham, Alabama, a construction firm with recent annual revenues in excess of $2 billion. He holds a B.S. in Building Science from Auburn University and serves as a Director of First Commercial Bank (a division of Synovus Bank (NYSE: SNV), one of the largest community banks in the Southeast) and was a director of Energen Corporation (NYSE: EGN) prior to its acquisition by Diamondback Energy in 2018.

Ziad R. Haydar, M.D. (Age 57) has served as a director of ProAssurance since May 2015 and is an independent healthcare consultant. He was Senior Vice President and Chief Clinical Officer of Ascension Health in St. Louis, Missouri from July 2015 until June 2019, and prior to that was Chief Medical Officer since 2012. Ascension Health is the largestnot-for-profit and largest Catholic health system in the United States. Dr. Haydar began his tenure at Ascension Health in 2010 as its Vice President Clinical Excellence and Physician Integration until he was promoted to Vice President and Chief Medical Officer in 2011, and he served in that position until his appointment to Senior Vice President and Chief Clinical Officer in July 2015. Prior to 2010, Dr. Haydar was an executive with Baylor Health Care System in Dallas, Texas. Dr. Haydar received his M.D. degree from American University in Beirut, trained in Family Medicine at the Medical University of South Carolina, and completed a fellowship in Geriatrics and Gerontology at Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine.

Frank A. Spinosa, D.P.M. (Age 65) has served as a director of ProAssurance since May 2012. Dr. Spinosa is a board-certified podiatrist and practices as a partner at Foot and Ankle Associates of New Mexico in Albuquerque, New Mexico. Dr. Spinosa serves as a member of the Board of Trustees of New Mexico Podiatric Medical Association. He served as a member of the Board of Trustees of the American Podiatric Medical Association through March 2016, and served as president of both the American Podiatric Medical Association and the New York State Podiatric Medical Association. He has taught as an Associate Professor of Radiology at the New York College of Podiatric Medicine.

Thomas A. S. Wilson, Jr., M.D.(Age 58) has served as a director of ProAssurance since May 2012. Dr. Wilson is a recently retired board-certified neurosurgeon, having practiced with Neurosurgical Associates, P.C., in Birmingham, Alabama for more than 20 years. He holds a B.S. in natural science and mathematics from Washington & Lee University and an M.D. from Vanderbilt University. He completed an internship in general surgery and a residency in neurosurgery at Bowman Gray School of Medicine, Wake Forest University. The Board of Directors elected Dr. Wilson to the position of Lead Director in May 2018.

2024

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M. James Gorrie (Age 61) has served as a director of ProAssurance since May 2012. Mr. Gorrie is the President and Chief Executive Officer of Brasfield & Gorrie, Inc. in Birmingham, Alabama, a construction firm with recent annual revenues in excess of $2 billion. He holds a B.S. in Building Science from Auburn University and serves as a Director of First Commercial Bank (a division of Synovus Bank (NYSE: SNV), one of the largest community banks in the Southeast) and was a director of Energen Corporation (NYSE: EGN) prior to its acquisition by Diamondback Energy in 2018.
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Ziad R. Haydar, M.D. (Age 62) has served as a director of ProAssurance since May 2015 and is an independent healthcare consultant. Dr. Haydar has been Chief Medical Officer of Alpine Physician Partners since November of 2020. He was Senior Vice President and Chief Clinical Officer of Ascension Health in St. Louis, Missouri from July 2015 until June 2019, and prior to that was Chief Medical Officer since 2012. Ascension Health is the largest not-for-profit and largest Catholic health system in the United States. Dr. Haydar began his tenure at Ascension Health in 2010 as its Vice President Clinical Excellence and Physician Integration until he was promoted to Vice President and Chief Medical Officer in 2011, and he served in that position until his appointment to Senior Vice President and Chief Clinical Officer in July 2015. Prior to 2010, Dr. Haydar was an executive with Baylor Health Care System in Dallas, Texas. Dr. Haydar received his M.D. degree from American University in Beirut, trained in Family Medicine at the Medical University of South Carolina, and completed a fellowship in Geriatrics and Gerontology at Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine.

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Frank A. Spinosa, D.P.M. (Age 68) has served as a director of ProAssurance since May 2012. Dr. Spinosa is a board- certified podiatrist affiliated with First Nations Community Healthsource clinic in Albuquerque, New Mexico. He has served as a member of the Board of Directors of the New Mexico Podiatric Medical Association. He has served as a president of both the New York State Podiatric Medical Association and the American Podiatric Medical Association. He has taught as an Associate Professor of Radiology at the New York College of Podiatric Medicine and is a Faculty Fellow in podiatric medicine at the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons, Glasgow. He is board-certified by the National Association of Corporate Directors.
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Thomas A. S. Wilson, Jr., M.D. (Age 62) has served as a director of ProAssurance since May 2012. Dr. Wilson is a retired board-certified neurosurgeon, having practiced with Neurosurgical Associates, P.C., in Birmingham, Alabama for more than 20 years. He holds a B.S. in natural science and mathematics from Washington & Lee University and an M.D. from Vanderbilt University. He completed an internship in general surgery and a residency in neurosurgery at Bowman Gray School of Medicine, Wake Forest University. The Board of Directors first elected Dr. Wilson to the position of Lead Director in May 2018.
Class III Directors Continuing Continuing in Office — Term Expiring in 2022

Kedrick D. Adkins Jr., C.P.A.(Age 67) was elected to the Board of Directors in May 2018. Mr. Adkins served as the Chief Financial Officer for the Mayo Clinic from 2014 through his retirement at the end of 2017. He also served as the President of Integrated Services of Trinity Health Care from 2007 to 2014. Prior to his service at Trinity Health Care, Mr. Adkins had a30-year tenure at Accenture, a global management consulting firm. Mr. Adkins holds a B.S. in Industrial and Operations Engineering and an M.B.A. in Finance and Accounting from the University of Michigan. In addition, Mr. Adkins is a certified public accountant. In the past five years, Mr. Adkins has served on the Advisory Board of Welsh, Carson, Anderson & Stowe, an investment

2025

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Kedrick D. Adkins Jr., C.P.A. (Age 70) was elected to the Board of Directors in May 2018. Mr. Adkins served as the Chief Financial Officer for the Mayo Clinic from 2014 through his retirement at the end of 2017. He also served as the President of Integrated Services of Trinity Health Care from 2007 to 2014. Prior to his service at Trinity Health Care, Mr. Adkins had a 30-year tenure at Accenture, a global management consulting firm. Mr. Adkins holds a B.S. in Industrial and Operations Engineering and an M.B.A. in Finance and Accounting from the University of Michigan. In addition, Mr. Adkins is a certified public accountant. In the past five years, Mr. Adkins has served on the Advisory Board of Welsh, Carson, Anderson & Stowe, an investment firm specializing in healthcare and technology, and the board of directors for Christus Health, the University of Michigan Hospital System, and Medical Memory, a medical technology startup.
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Bruce D. Angiolillo, J.D. (Age 70) has served as a director of ProAssurance since May 2016 and was elected Chairman of the Board in May 2022. He is a retired partner of Simpson Thacher & Bartlett LLP, New York, New York. Mr. Angiolillo joined Simpson Thacher in 1980 and developed a practice in the areas of securities and other complex commercial litigation from which he retired on December 31, 2014. Following his retirement from Simpson Thacher, Mr. Angiolillo was employed from January 1, 2015 until June 30, 2015, as general counsel for TK Holdings, Inc., a subsidiary of Takata Corporation, which was a global automotive parts manufacturer and supplier.

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Maye Head Frei (Age 52) was first elected to the Board of Directors in 2019. She is the former Chairman of Ram Tool Construction Supply Company, which until its sale in December 2021 was one of the largest women-owned and privately-owned businesses in Alabama. Serving in various roles from 1997–2021, she guided the company from less than $30 million to nearly $1 billion in annual sales. She continues to oversee real estate assets and develop commercial property throughout the Southeast and Texas. Ms. Frei holds a B.A. in History from Yale University and also attended the Sorbonne in Paris, France. She serves as Chairman Emeritus for the Birmingham Museum of Art, President of the Board of Trustees for the Highlands School, and Treasurer for the Women’s Foundation of Alabama. She is a board member of the Hugh Kaul Foundation, a philanthropic institution that has invested nearly $80 million in the Greater Birmingham region, and of the Alabama Trails Foundation.
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Scott C. Syphax (Age 59) was elected to the Board of Directors in May 2021 and previously served as a member of NORCAL’s board, Chair of the Transactions Committee, and as a member of the Executive and Investment Committees. Mr. Syphax holds a Bachelor of Science degree from California State University, Sacramento. Mr. Syphax previously served as the Chairman and CEO of The Nehemiah Companies, a Sacramento-based social enterprise and real estate development firm where he managed the Nehemiah Community Reinvestment Fund, which facilitated development in underserved communities across the United States and provided down payment assistance funding for families seeking to acquire homes. He is the President and Chief Executive Officer of Syphax Strategic Solutions, a Sacramento-based management consulting company focusing on the healthcare, real estate, and financial services industries. Mr. Syphax also serves as Chairman of the Nehemiah Community Foundation, sponsor of the Nehemiah Emerging Leaders Program which Mr. Syphax founded in 2009, and as a Director for the respective Boards of the Federal Home Loan Bank of San Francisco and the Sacramento Regional Community Foundation.
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firm specializing in healthcare and technology, and the board of directors for Christus Health, the University of Michigan Hospital System, and Medical Memory, a medical technology startup.

Bruce D. Angiolillo, J.D. (Age 67) has served as a director of ProAssurance since May 2016. He is a retired partner of Simpson Thacher & Bartlett LLP, New York, New York. Mr. Angiolillo joined Simpson Thacher in 1980 and developed a practice in the areas of securities and other complex commercial litigation from which he retired on December 31, 2014. Following his retirement from Simpson Thacher, Mr. Angiolillo was employed from January 1, 2015 until June 30, 2015, as general counsel for TK Holdings, Inc., which is a subsidiary of Takata Corporation, a global automotive parts manufacturer and supplier based in Auburn Hills, Michigan.

Maye Head Frei(Age 49) was first elected to the Board of Directors in 2019. Ms. Frei serves as the Chairman of Ram Tool Construction Supply Company based in Birmingham, Alabama, where she has been serving in various roles since 1997. Ram Tool is a family-owned construction supply distributor and one of the largest women-owned businesses in Alabama. Ms. Frei holds a B.A. in History from Yale University, and she completed post-graduate studies at the Sorbonne in Paris, France. She serves on the Board of Trustees for the Birmingham Museum of Art and the Board of Trustees for the Highlands School in Birmingham. In addition, she serves on the boards of the Hugh Kaul Foundation and the Alabama Trails Foundation.

W. Stancil Starnes, J.D.(Age 71) was elected to the Board of Directors in September 2007 and serves as its Executive Chairman. Mr. Starnes was appointed Chief Executive Officer of ProAssurance on July 2, 2007 and served in that role through June 2019. Prior to joining ProAssurance, Mr. Starnes served as the senior and managing partner of the law firm of Starnes & Atchison LLP in Birmingham, Alabama, where he was extensively involved with ProAssurance and its predecessors in the defense of medical liability claims for over 25 years. He withdrew from the firm in October 2006 to serve as President, Corporate Planning and Administration of Brasfield & Gorrie, Inc., a commercial construction firm based in Birmingham, Alabama, where he served until May 2007. Mr. Starnes served as a director of two public companies that have since been acquired, National Commerce Corp. (NASDAQ: NCOM) and Infinity Property and Casualty Corporation (NASDAQ: IPCC). At National Commerce Corporation he served as the Chairman of the both the risk committee and the nomination and corporate governance committee; and was a member of the Compensation Committee. At Infinity Property and Casualty Corporation (NASDAQ: IPCC), he served on the audit, compensation and executive committees.


Independent Directors

As required by the New York Stock Exchange Corporate Governance Listing Standards (“NYSE Rules”), a majority of the directors on our Board of Directors are required to be “independent” directors. Our Board of Directors has determined that the following directors are “independent” directors:

Kedrick D. Adkins Jr., C.P.A.M. James GorrieZiad R. Haydar, M.D.
Bruce D. Angiolillo, J.D.Ziad R. Haydar, M.D.Frank A. Spinosa, D.P.M.
Fabiola Cobarrubias, M.D.Scott C. Syphax
Samuel A. Di Piazza, Jr., C.P.A.Frank A. Spinosa, D.P.M.
Robert E. Flowers, M.D.Katisha T. Vance, M.D.
Maye Head FreiThomas A. S. Wilson, Jr., M.D.
M. James Gorrie

Since 2012, our

Our Board evaluates the independence of our directors by reviewing each related party relationship or transaction involving a director or nominee for a director using a subjective and principles-based approach. To find that a director or nominee is independent, the Board must affirmatively determine that he or she has no material relationship with the Company that will preclude his or her independence after using a three step approach that: (1) identifies all relationships and transactions between the director or nominee and the Company; (2) analyzes those relationships under certain criteria, including the NYSE Rules, the recommendations for corporate governance (“Governance Guidelines”) published by Institutional Shareholder Services (“ISS”) and Glass Lewis & Co., LLC, and specific committee independence requirements under Internal Revenue Code Section 162(m) and SEC Rule16b-3; and (3) analyzes any remaining relationship to determine

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whether such relationship precludes a finding of independence in the Board’s business judgment. The Board considered the following relationships in its evaluation of the independence of ournon-management directors.

The NYSE Rules provide that a director cannot be independent if he or she is a current employee, or a member of his or her immediate family is a current executive officer of another company that has made payments to, or received payments from, ProAssurance during the past three (3) years in an amount that exceeds the greater of $1 million or two percent (2%) of the other company’s consolidated gross revenues during each fiscal year ended in such period.

Three of our directors have purchased medical professional liability insurance from the Company either directly or indirectly through their respective practice entities during the last three years (Drs. Spinosa, Vance, and Wilson)Cobarrubias). Dr. Spinosa purchased individual policies of medical professional liability insurance from an insurance subsidiary of ProAssurance during the last three years as follows: 2017-20182020/21$3,379;2018-2019 —$1,232;None; 2021/22 — $2,341; and 2019-20202022/23$2,042.$1,612. Dr. Vance purchased personal medical professional liability insurance from an insurance subsidiary of ProAssurance in each of the last three years as follows: 2017-20182020$8,719;2018-2019$9,352; 2021 $8,305; $9,407; and 2019-20202022$8,318.$9,757. Dr. Vance is also a partner of Alabama Oncology, which is insured by one of ProAssurance’s insurance subsidiaries with a current premium of approximately $260,761.for the following amounts: $322,108 in 2020-2021; $333,374 in 2021-2022; and $345,574 in 2022-2023. Dr. Wilson, who retired in July 2019,Cobarrubias purchased individual policies ofpersonal medical professional liability insurance from an insurance subsidiary of ProAssurance in 2021 in the two years prior to his retirement as follows:2017-2018 —$33,350;amount of $537. Additionally, Dr. Cobarrubias is the Chief Executive Officer of Patient Inpatient Medical Group, which purchased medical professional liability insurance from an insurance subsidiary of ProAssurance for the following amounts: 2020-2021 — $166,660; 2021-2022 — $182,579; and2018-2019 2022-2023$33,350. Dr. Wilson was also an executive officer of Neurosurgical Associates, P.C. until his retirement, which is insured by one of ProAssurance’s insurance subsidiaries with a current premium of approximately $119,029.$225,784. All insurance policies were obtained in the ordinary course of business at rates that are consistent with our filed rates and customary underwriting practices. The premiums paid with respect to the individual physicians or the practice entities do not exceed the lowerapplicable $1,000,000 standard of materiality set forth in the NYSE Rules and Governance Guidelines.

Our Board has consistently found that it is customary and appropriate for our physician directors to obtain their professional liability insurance from our insurance subsidiaries, and that the purchase of insurance from our subsidiaries will not impair the independence of a director so long as the premiums paid are less than the $1,000,000 limitation in the NYSE Rules. In addition, the Board determined that the purchase of insurance did not create any material interest in the transaction such that it would have an effect on the independence of a director. For this reason, the Board also determined that the purchase of insurance should not be considered a “material relationship” based on our understanding of the Governance Guidelines since it does not influence these directors’ objectivity in a manner that would impair their ability to satisfy fiduciary standards.

Mr. Gorrie is the Chief Executive Officer of Brasfield & Gorrie, Inc.L.L.C. (“B&G”). B&G is a controlling60% member of Hangar 24, LLC, (“Hangar 24”) of which ProAssurance owns 20% and B&G owns 60%. The sole purpose of Hangar 24 is to share the cost of thehas leased a hangar leased from the Birmingham Airport Authority whereto house the aircraft of its members. ProAssurance keeps its corporate aircraft.is a 20% member of Hangar 24, pays the rent on the hangar.LLC and an unrelated third party is a 20% member. ProAssurance reimburses Hangar 24, LLC directly for its share of the rent and reimburses Hangar 24 for the cost of the fuel used by its aircraft.aircraft and for its percentage share of the rental payments on the lease of the hangar. ProAssurance paid Hangar 24, LLC $123,061 for fuel reimbursement and rent in 2020, $97,915 for fuel reimbursement and rent in 2021, and $125,528 for fuel reimbursement and rent in 2022. The Board of Directors determined that this relationship did not preclude Mr. Gorrie’s independence because the amounts paid for rent and fuel reimbursement do not exceed the greater of $1,000,000 or 2% of the recipient’s gross revenues and do not meet the materiality threshold for “material transactions” under the Governance Guidelines.

The Board of Directors determined that the purchase of medical professional liability insurance by our directors and their relativesrespective practices did not impair the independence of Drs. Spinosa, Vance, and Wilson;Cobarrubias; and that the relationship between ProAssurance and B&G did not impair the independence of Mr. Gorrie.

Relationships Considered for Independence of Committee Members.

The Board of Directors evaluated the independence of the members on both the Audit Committee and Compensation Committee. Mr. Adkins, Mr. Angiolillo, Mr. Di Piazza, and Dr. SpinosaCobarrubias serve on the Audit Committee. Mr. Adkins’ and Mr. Di Piazza’s only relationship with the Company is their service on the Board

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and the Audit Committee. Mr. Angiolillo’s onlyIn reviewing Dr. Cobarrubias’ qualifications to serve on the Audit Committee, the Board evaluated the above-described relationship withas required by the Company is hisNYSE and SEC Rules. The Board determined that the existence of this relationship did not preclude Dr. Cobarrubias from service on the Board, the Audit Committee and the Compensation Committee. The Board of Directors also carefully evaluated the independence of Dr. Spinosa with respect to the above-described relationships and determined that such relationships should not impair his ability to be independent under the NYSE and SEC standardsrequirements for members of the Audit Committee.audit committee members. As a result, the Board determined that each of these directors was permitted to serve on the Audit Committee under the requirements of the SEC and NYSE rules.

rules, as well as under the Governance Guidelines.

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Ms. Frei, Dr. Haydar, and Mr. Angiolillo, Dr. Flowers and Dr. WilsonSyphax serve on the Compensation Committee. Mr. Angiolillo’sThe only relationship each of them has with the Company is histheir service on the Board and a memberas members of the Compensation Committee and Audit Committee, and Dr. Wilson’s only relationship with the Company is his service on the Board and a member of the Compensation Committee and Executive Committee. As a result, the Board determined that Dr. Haydar, Mr. AngiolilloSyphax, and Dr. WilsonMs. Frei were permittedeligible to serve on the Compensation Committee under the requirements of the SEC rules. In reviewing Dr. Wilson’s qualifications to serve on the Compensation Committee, the Board evaluated the above-described relationships as required by the NYSE Rules mandated by SEC Rule10C-1. The Board determined that the existence of these relationships did not affect the ability of Dr. Wilson to satisfy his objectivity in the boardroom or ability to satisfy his fiduciary duty to the Company’s stockholders under the NYSE Rules, as well as under the Governance Guidelines.

Qualification of Directors

The Nominating/Corporate Governance Committee and Board of Directors are responsible for determining the appropriate composition of our Board and for the selection of individual candidates. Our Corporate Governance Principles do not establish any specific minimum qualifications or skills that an individual candidate must possess. Rather, the Corporate Governance Principles direct our Nominating/Corporate Governance Committee to take into account all factors it considers appropriate, including a candidate’s reputation for ethical business dealings, knowledge, skill, experience, expertise and the extent to which the candidate would fill a present need inand diversity the compositionviewpoints, background, experience, and other demographics of the Board.

We have recruited directors whom we believe bring to our Board of Directors a diverse set of qualifications related to our business and its products.the products and services we offer. More specifically:

Our primary product has historically been professional liability insurance for healthcare providers. We believe that it is important to have on our Board healthcare professionals who are, or have been, consumers of our insurance products and who understand the business and professional needs of our customers.

We believe that it is important to have on our Board persons with business experience, including experience in the governance of publicly traded companies.

We believe that it is important that our Board reflect the core values that guide us in fulfilling our mission, We Exist to Protect Others, informed by our Guiding Principle of “Treated Fairly®.” Those values are integrity, leadership, relationships, and enthusiasm.

We believe that it is important that our Board reflect the core values that guide us in fulfilling our mission, We Protect Others, informed by our Guiding Principle of “Treated Fairly®.” Those values are integrity, leadership, relationships, and enthusiasm.
The following discussion addresses the experience, qualifications, attributes and skills that have led us to conclude that our director nominees and our current directors should serve on our Board.

Healthcare Providers/Healthcare Experience: Our Board currently hasPresently, five physicians who are independent directors: Robert Flowers,directors on our Board: Fabiola Cobarrubias, M.D., Ziad Haydar, M.D., Frank Spinosa, D.P.M., Katisha T. Vance, M.D., and Thomas Wilson, Jr., M.D. Dr. Cobarrubias serves as a hospitalist for California Pacific Medical Center and is the Chief Executive Officer of Pacific Inpatient Medical Group. Dr. Haydar served as the Chief Clinical Officer of Ascension Health until June 2019 and is currently the Chief Medical Officer of Alpine Physician Partners. Dr. Spinosa is currently servesa board-certified podiatrist affiliated with First Nations Community Healthsource clinic in Albuquerque, New Mexico. Dr. Spinosa served as a Board member of New Mexico Podiatric Medical Association and formerly served as a board member and is a past president of the American Podiatric Medical Association. Dr. Spinosa is also a past President of the New York State Podiatric Medical Association, and has taught at the New York College of Podiatric Medicine.Medicine along with serving as a Faculty Fellow in podiatric medicine at the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons, Glasgow. Dr. Vance is a board-certified oncologist and hematologist practicing at Birmingham Hematology and Oncology (d/b/a Alabama Oncology) in Birmingham, Alabama. She has also served as the President of the Jefferson County Medical Society. Dr. Flowers retired from his obstetrics and gynecology practice in Dothan, Alabama. Dr. Haydar served as the Chief Clinical Officer of

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Ascension Health until June 2019. Dr. Wilson who recently retired from the practice of medicine, was a board-certified neurosurgeon and practiced for over 20 years prior to his retirement in 2019 and has authored numerous publications and presentations.

The presence of our independent physician-directors reflectsreflect our commitment to local market presence and to our physician heritage. Dr. Flowers served on our regional claims committee in Alabama for over 20 years. He assists the Board of Directors in understanding professional liability and risk management issues affecting and of concern to physicians and other healthcare professionals in our professional liability insurance markets.

Dr. Haydar brings valuable healthcare and business knowledge to the Board of Directors. Although currently an independent consultant on clinical matters, Dr. Haydar served as Chief Clinical Officer of Ascension Health, which is the largestnot-for-profit, and largest Catholic health system in the United States, from July 2015 to June 2019, and as its Chief Medical Officer from 2012.

In addition to our physician directors, W. Stancil Starnes, who served as our Chief Executive Officer from 2007 until 2019, represented practicing physicians and healthcare entities in the defense of medical malpractice claims for over 25 years. Mr. Starnes brings to the Board a deep understanding of the legal and professional issues involved in resolving claims and how best to deliver the claims defense that is the key component of our insurance products.

Samuel A. Di Piazza, Jr., C.P.A., has served on the Board of Trustees of Mayo Clinic sincefrom 2010 to 2022 and was appointedits Chairman of the Board of Trustees onfrom February 21, 2014.2014 to February 2021. Mayo Clinic is a nonprofit worldwide leader in medical care, research and education. The Board of Trustees is the governing body of Mayo Clinic and has overall responsibility for the charitable, clinical practice, scientific and educational mission and purposes of Mayo Clinic.

Kedrick D. Adkins Jr., C.P.A., served as the Chief Financial Officer of the Mayo Clinic from 2014 to 2017, and currently serves on the boards of two hospital systems, an investment firm specializing in healthcare technology, and a medical technology startup. He also served as the President of Integrated Services at Trinity Health Corporation for seven years. Mr. Adkins brings to the Board of Directors a wealth of knowledge related to the financial side of medicine and medical technology.

Business and Leadership Experience: Mr. Starnes served as our Chief Executive Officer from July 2007 to June 2019, and it has been our practice for our Chief Executive Officer to serve on our Board of Directors. Mr. Starnes is a trustee of the University of Alabama System. He was formerly a director of Infinity Property and Casualty Corporation (NASDAQ: IPCC), a public insurance holding company and served on the audit, compensation and executive committees. He is also a former director of National Commerce Corporation, where he served as the Chairman of the both the risk committee and the nomination and corporate governance committee; and was a member of the Compensation Committee. His service on both boards of thesenow-acquired companies and past service as CEO of ProAssurance demonstrate his expertise in a wide range of corporate activities.

Mr. Rand served as Chief Financial Officer of ProAssurance from 2004 to 2018, and President and Chief Operating Officer from 2018 until his appointment as Chief Executive Officer in July 2019. He was elected to the Board after his appointment as President, as it has been our practice for our President to serve on our Board of Directors.President. Mr. Rand also brings his considerable financial and business knowledge to the Board of Directors.

Mr. Adkins, in addition to serving in executive and financial roles in the healthcare community, had a30-year tenure at Accenture, a global management consulting and professional services firm. He brings his knowledge and expertise to the financial and investment aspects of ProAssurance.

Mr. Gorrie also brings valuable business perspective to the Board of Directors. Mr. Gorrie is the President and Chief Executive Officer of Brasfield & Gorrie, a construction firm with recent annual revenues in excess of $2 billion.

Ms. Frei brings to the Board of Directors a wealth of business knowledge that benefits ProAssurance. She currently servesUntil its sale in December 2021, Ms. Frei served as the Chairman of Ram Tool & Supply Company, a multi-state construction supply distributor and one of the largest women-owned businesses in Alabama.

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distributor.


Mr. Di Piazza served in numerous leadership positions during his career with PricewaterhouseCoopers, LLP including serving as the firm’s Global Chief Executive Officer and a member of its Global Leadership Team, serving as Chairman and Senior Partner at PricewaterhouseCoopers, and serving as the leader of local offices in Chicago, New York City and Birmingham. Following his tenure at PricewaterhouseCoopers, Mr. Di Piazza served as a leader of the Citi International Client Group at Citigroup, where he was Vice Chairman at the time of his retirement in February 2014. The Citi International Client Group provides corporate, institutional, public sector and high net worth international clients with a full range of wholesale banking products and services.

Mr. Syphax currently serves as the President of Syphax Strategies Solutions, a management consulting company focusing on healthcare, real estate, and financial services industries. Prior to that, he served as the Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of The Nehemiah Companies, a real estate development firm. Moreover, Mr. Syphax serves as a Director of the Federal Home Loan Bank of San Francisco.
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Additional QualificationsQualifications: In selecting individual candidates, ProAssurance also has considered other relevant experience of our directors including:

Public Company Experience: Apart from ProAssurance and its predecessor companies, Messrs. Starnes, Di Piazza, Gorrie, and GorrieAdkins have all served, or currently serve, as members of the Board of Directors of one or more publicly traded companies, and each has gained valuable experience through leadership of, and service on, various standing committees of each Board on which they have served.

Practice of Law: A background in law is of significant value in understanding the legal issues impacting ProAssurance as a publicly traded company and as a holding company for regulated insurance companies. Mr. Starnes hadAngiolillo has experience in the private practice of law prior to entering theirhis business careers. Mr. Starnes served as senior and managing partner of the law firm of Starnes & Atchison LLP in Birmingham, Alabama, where he was extensively involved with ProAssurance and its predecessors in the defense of medical liability claims for over 25 years.career. Mr. Angiolillo was a partner at Simpson, Thacher & Bartlett LLP in New York for approximately 30 years until his retirement in 2014, where his practice involved securities and other complex commercial litigation.

Qualification to Serve on the Audit Committee: Members of the audit committee of a publicly traded company are required to be independent and to possess specific financial qualifications. SEC and NYSE rules require that members of an audit committee be “financially literate,” and that one member be an “audit committee financial expert.” In selecting directors, we consider the candidate’s ability to serve on the Audit Committee. All members of our Audit Committee have been found to be independent by our Board of Directors under the NYSE Rules and SEC requirements.
Mr. Adkins, Mr. Angiolillo, Mr. Di Piazza, and Dr. SpinosaCobarrubias meet the financial literacy requirements because of their training, employment, and general financial expertise. Mr. Di PiazzaAdkins has been designated as our audit committee financial expert based upon his expertise and his experience in accounting and experience from his leadership positions at PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP. In addition to his positions at PricewaterhouseCoopers, Mr. Di Piazza has served as a trustee of the London-based International Financial Reporting Standards FoundationMayo Clinic and a trustee of theUS-based Financial Accountancy Foundation.

Diversity: elsewhere.

Diversity and Board Refreshment
Our Board of Directors is committed to diversity on the Board and within the Company. We believe our directors provide diversity in business experience, geographic representation, age, race, and gender. As vacancies arise on our Board, we consider diversity as a factor in the selection of new director nominees.

The composition of our Board demonstrates our commitment to diversity, as three of our eleven independent directors are women, three are African-American, one is Latina, and one is Lebanese born. Further, we are mindful of the need for periodic refreshment of the Board to assure the proper balance between the beneficial knowledge and specific business insights of tenured directors and the new ideas and fresh skills of new nominees. None of our eleven independent directors has served on our Board more than eleven years.

Independent Board Members
TenureGenderRace/EthnicityAge
11MaleWhite68
11MaleWhite61
11MaleWhite62
9MaleWhite72
8MaleWhite62
7MaleWhite70
6FemaleAfrican American48
5MaleAfrican American70
4FemaleWhite52
2MaleAfrican American59
2FemaleLatina56
Median Tenure = 7 years
Gender Ratio = 8 Male, 3 Female
Racial Diversity = 7 White, 3 African American, 1 Latina
Average Age = 61.8 / Median Age = 62

Board Leadership

Our

On May 24, 2022, our Board of Directors has appointedelected Mr. StarnesAngiolillo to serve as our Executive Chairman of the Board. During his tenure as CEO of ProAssurance Mr. Starnes also served as Chairman of the Board. Our Board determined that it was in our interest to have one individual to lead our company and to establish its strategic goals and objectives under the supervision and direction of the Board of Directors. Mr. Starnes’ previous service as our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer for twelve years facilitates his ability to establish priorities for our Board and management in achieving such goals and objectives.

Our Corporate Governance Principles require ournon-management directors to hold executive sessions at which neither management nor the Chief Executive Officer is present. The Corporate Governance Principles

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further provide that the executive sessions ofnon-management directors are to be held on a regularly scheduled basis, not less frequently than two times each year, and that at least one of the executive sessions will be attended by independent directors only. In December 2011, we formally established the position of lead directorLead Independent Director to preside at each executive session. At the annual meeting in May 2019, the independent directors selected Dr. Wilson served as the independent director to presideLead Independent Director and presided at the executive sessions.sessions from May 2018 until May 2022. As independent Chairman, Mr. Angiolillo presides at executive sessions, and the Board has not selected a Lead Independent Director since May 2022. During 2019,2022, our independent directors held an executive session after each quarterly Board meeting.

Our Board does not believe there is inherent superiority in separating the roles of CEO and Chairman or in combining them. There are merits and advantages to either approach, and our Board has operated effectively with a single individual serving in both roles from 2008 to 2019 (and prior to July 2007) as well as when the roles have been separated, as they were from 2007 to 2008 and from 2019 to the present. The Board elected Mr. Angiolillo to the Chairman position in 2022 because the Board believes that his skills and experience are well suited for him to serve the Company in that role, and that his service as Chairman best serves the Company’s interests at this time.
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Our By-Laws provide that that Board “shall elect a Chairman of the Board at the first meeting of the Board of Directors after the annual meeting of the stockholders. The Chairman of the Board must be a director but need not be an independent director.” Thus, to the extent that the CEO is also a director, the Board may elect the CEO to serve as Chairman if the Board in the exercise of its judgment and discretion concludes such an arrangement best serves the Company’s interests. Our By-Laws do not provide for prior notice to or solicitation of input from stockholders when electing a Chairman.
Our By-Laws do not address the authority of any individual director to represent the board in communications with shareholders and stakeholders. Our Board may from time to time specifically designate one of more directors to communicate on its behalf when such communications are necessary, appropriate, or desirable.
Risk Oversight

As an insurance holding company, we conduct our business is principally conducted bythrough insurance subsidiaries that are subject to insurance laws and regulations in their respective domiciliary states and in the states in which they do business. State insurance regulatory regimes are intended to protect policyholders by vesting in the insurance regulator administrative and supervisory authority to address risks relating to the solvency of insurers and their ability to pay claims as well as to the marketing of insurance products and rates charged for such products. The insurance regulations identify key business risks associated with the insurance business and provide guidance as to the management of these risks. In addition, many states have adopted new laws recommended by the NAIC that require the assessment and reporting of risks associated with current and future business plans for insurers and their holding companies.

We have taken stepscontinuously work to catalogueidentify and identifyevaluate these and additional risks for purposes ofthrough our ongoing enterprise risk management (ERM).(“ERM”) processes. Our Chief Executive Officer is in charge ofresponsible for risk oversight. We have also established a risk management framework that recognizesoversight at the enterprise level. Our ERM process broadly addresses the risks inherent in our operating segments as well as the risks associated with the operations of our holding company.company, including short-, intermediate-, and long-term risks. The risk management process is managed by corporate executives in each line of business who are responsible for our key risk areas, including but not limited to adequacy of loss reserves; defense of claims and the litigation process; the quality of investments supporting our reserves and capital; compliance with regulatory and financial reporting requirements; concentration in our insurance lines of business; and information privacy and data security. Our Chief Executive Officer and members of executive management are responsible for identifying material risks associated with these and other risk areas and for establishing and monitoring risk management solutions that address levels of risk appetite and risk tolerance that are recommended by management as necessary and reviewed by the Board.Board no less often than annually. Our internal auditingaudit department is responsible for reviewing and testing these risk management solutions. All employees are required to undergo training on data security, fraud prevention, and/or privacy-related risks and procedures on a yearly basis.

at least yearly.

The Board of Directors is responsible for ensuring that our ERM process is in place and functioning. The Board has divided primary ERM oversight responsibility between the Audit Committeefunctioning, and the Nominating/Corporate Governance Committee as follows:

The Audit Committee has the primary oversight responsibility for risks relating to financial reporting and compliance. From time to time the Board receives input from external advisors or experts regarding emerging or increasing risk trends that are relevant to the Company and its business.

Environment and Social Responsibility
ProAssurance’s mission states that “We Protect Others.” We strive to accomplish that mission by adhering to a set of core values: unbending Integrity, Leadership that works, superior Relationships and infectious Enthusiasm. As we apply these values to achieve our mission in business, we also apply them to our stewardship of the greater society and the environment. We are committed to policies and practices that demonstrate our concern for the impact our operations will have established linestoday and into the future on society and the environment. We are attentive to the environmental and societal effects of communication between the Audit Committeematerials we use in our daily operations, the systems we use to efficiently serve our customers, and our independent auditor, internal auditor and management that enable the Audit Committee to perform its oversight function.

The Nominating/Corporate Governance Committee has the primary responsibility forfacilities management. Our Board engages in active oversight of thosesuch effects and impacts and has implemented, and continues to implement, policies and procedures to address the societal and environmental effects of our operations and business activities.

In connection with our ERM procedures, executive management has considered the materiality of environmental and climate changes risks covered byon our operations, and the ERMeffect of our operations on the environment. Through this process, we have concluded that climate change and other potential environmental risks do not pose any material risk to our operations or financial results. Moreover, we have concluded that our business operations do not materially contribute to climate change or present any other material risk to the environment. The factors we considered in reaching these conclusions include but are not limited to:
We do not insure property that could be impacted by storms, fires, or rising sea levels.
Climate change does not directly impact the responsibilityprofessional liability of the Audit Committee. The Nominating/Corporate Governance Committee reviewsmedical professionals that we insure.
Climate change does not directly impact the ERM process established by management’s ERM Committee and monitorsproducts liability risk of life sciences manufacturers that we insure.
Climate change does not directly impact the functioninglikelihood of workplace injuries for employers that we insure.
We do not own or operate any plant or facility with significant or unusual carbon emissions.
We do not own or operate a fleet of motor vehicles.
As of December 31, 2022, the process. It also reviews recommendationsmajority of our ERM Committee asteam members are either fully-remote or working in a flexible work arrangement that supports healthy work-life balance and reduces carbon emissions associated with commuting to materiality thresholdswork while capitalizing on opportunities to bring team members together to foster relationships, fuel innovation and facilitate engagement. All of our team members receive two paid days off that may be used for risks coveredcharitable or volunteer work. In 2022, our team members contributed 2,220 hours (296 work days) in support of charitable organizations in the ERM processcommunities where we operate.
For more information regarding our corporate social responsibility activities, including our focus on diversity, equity, and asinclusion, human rights, and health and safety, please go to the levelsCorporate Responsibility section of risk appetite and risk tolerance with respect to covered risks.

our website, https://investor.proassurance.com/corporate- responsibility/default.aspx.

Meetings and Committees of the Board of Directors

Our Board of Directors held four meetings during 2019.2022. OurBy-Laws establish four standing committees of the Board of Directors: the Nominating/Corporate Governance Committee; the Compensation Committee; the Audit Committee; and the Executive Committee, each of which is described below.
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Each of our incumbent directors attended all of the meetings of the Board of Directors and at least two thirds75% of all of the meetings of the

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committees of the board on which he or she served during 20182022 (in each case, which were held during the period for which he or she was a director).

Neither our Board of Directors nor our Nominating/Corporate Governance Committee has implemented a formal policy regarding director attendance at annual meetings of our stockholders. However, our Board of Directors typically holds its annual meeting directly following the annual stockholders’ meeting, and it is customary for our directors to attend the annual stockholders’ meeting. All thirteen of ourthe then-incumbent directors attended the annual meeting of our stockholders held on May 22, 2019.

24, 2022.

Nominating/Corporate Governance Committee

Our Nominating/Corporate Governance Committee currently consists of four independent directors and operates pursuant to a written charter, which is available in the Corporate Governance section of our website, http://investor.ProAssurance.com/govdocs. The primary purposes of the Nominating/Corporate Governance Committee are to:

identify individuals qualified to become directors and recommend to the Board of Directors for its consideration the candidates for all directorships to be filled by the Board of Directors or to be elected by the stockholders;

advise the Board of Directors with respect to the board composition, procedures and committees;

develop and recommend to the Board of Directors a set of corporate governance principles applicable to ProAssurance;

oversee the evaluation of the Board of Directors and the evaluation of ProAssurance’s management;

oversee ProAssurance’s efforts to address environmental, social, and governance issues of importance to stakeholders and the risks covered by ProAssurance’s ERM process that are not the responsibilitybusiness of the Audit Committee;Company; and

otherwise take a leadership role in shaping the corporate governance of ProAssurance.

In addition, the Nominating/Corporate Governance Committee is responsible for reviewing related party transactions in accordance with our Procedures for Evaluation of Reportable Related Party Transactions described under the caption “Transactions with Related Persons” on page 5141 in this proxy statement.

The Nominating/Corporate Governance Committee is empowered to engage a third party search firm to assist in identifying and evaluating director candidates. However, theThe committee did not hire any search firm during 2019,2022, and, accordingly,therefore, paid no fees to any such company.

Under our Corporate Governance Principles, the Nominating/Corporate Governance Committee will consider a nominee proposed by a stockholder for a vacancy on our board when such nomination has been submitted in accordance with the provisions contained in ourBy-Laws, which are described under the caption “Proposals of Stockholders” in this proxy statement. A vacancy does not exist where:

the Board of Directors desires tore-nominate an incumbent director for an additional term and the director consents to stand forre-election and to serve on our Board of Directors if elected; or

the Nominating/Corporate Governance Committee has recommended to our Board of Directors a candidate to fill a vacancy and, prior to the receipt of a properly submitted stockholder nomination, such nominee has agreed to stand for election and serve on our Board if elected.

Our Board of Directors may elect not to fill a vacancy arising on the Board. The Board of Directors may elect not to recommend a director candidate nominated by a stockholder even if such director candidate is the only candidate submitted to the Nominating/Corporate Governance Committee to fill a vacancy.

The Nominating/Corporate Governance Committee is responsible for determining the appropriate composition of our Board and for the selection of individual candidates consistent with such determination. Our

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Corporate Governance Principles do not establish any specific requirements of minimum qualifications or skills that an individual candidate must possess other than the maximum age requirements described in the Corporate Governance Principles. Rather, the Corporate Governance Principles direct our Nominating/Corporate Governance Committee to take into account all factors it considers appropriate, including a candidate’s reputation for ethical business dealings, knowledge, skill, experience, expertise and the extent to which the candidate would fill a present need inand diversify the compositionviewpoints, background, experience, and other demographics of the Board.

Subject to the qualifications described above, our Nominating/Corporate Governance Committee will consider a director candidate nominated by a stockholder to fill a vacancy in the same manner as candidates brought before the Nominating/Corporate Governance Committee from other sources. Generally, the Nominating/Corporate Governance Committee initially evaluates a prospective nominee on the basis of his or her résumé and other background information that has been made available to the Nominating/Corporate Governance Committee. A member of the Nominating/Corporate Governance Committee will contact for further review those candidates who the committee believes are qualified, who may fulfill a specific board need and who the committee believes would otherwise best make a contribution to the Board. If, after further discussions with the candidate and other further review and consideration as necessary, the Nominating/Corporate Governance Committee believes that it has identified a qualified candidate, it will make a recommendation to the Board.

The charter of the Nominating/Corporate Governance Committee provides for at least three members, each of whom must be an independent director. The current members of our Nominating/Corporate Governance Committee are Katisha T. Vance, M.D. (Chair), M. James Gorrie, Frank A. Spinosa, D.P.M., and Thomas A. S. Wilson, Jr., M.D. (Chairman), Maye Head Frei, M. James Gorrie and Katisha T. Vance, M.D.. Our Board of Directors has found that each member of our Nominating/Corporate Governance Committee is “independent” within the meaning of the NYSE Rules.

During 2019,2022, our Nominating/Corporate Governance Committee met 3three times.

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Compensation Committee

Our Compensation Committee currently consists of three independent directors and operates pursuant to a written charter, which is available in the Corporate Governance section of our website, http://investor.ProAssurance.com/govdocs. The primary purposes of the Compensation Committee are to:

represent and assist the Board of Directors in discharging its oversight responsibility relating to human capital management, with particular emphasis on efforts related to diversity, equity, and inclusion as well as compensation matters, including determining the compensation arrangements for the Chief Executive Officer and reporting its determination to the Board of Directors for ratification by a majority of independent directors; and

review and discuss with management the disclosure under the caption “Compensation Discussion and Analysis” and prepare the report of the Compensation Committee with respect to such disclosure, each of which is to be included in our annual proxy statement.

The Compensation Discussion and Analysis and the Report of the Compensation Committee begin on page 2218 of this proxy statement.

The charter of the Compensation Committee charges the committee with the responsibility to determine and approve, subject to ratification by a majority of independent directors, the Chief Executive Officer’s compensation level based on the committee’s evaluation of the Chief Executive Officer’s performance in light of the relevant corporate goals and objectives as approved by the committee. The charter also charges the Compensation Committee with the responsibility to among other duties, review the competitiveness of the executive compensation programs of ProAssurance; approve change of control agreements or severance plans for executive officers of ProAssurance; administer the policy for the recoupment of unearned incentive compensation based on financial statements required to be restated; and make recommendations for director compensation to our Board of Directors. The charter further provides that the Compensation Committee has the exclusive authority to retain outside compensation consultants and advisors as it deems appropriate to fulfill its responsibilities in accordance with the NYSE Rules and SEC Rule10C-1. In selecting a compensation

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consultant, the Compensation Committee must consider the six independence factors set forth by the NYSE, as further discussed in “Executive Compensation — Compensation Discussion and Analysis” beginning on page 2218 of this proxy statement.

The

Under current practice, of the Compensation Committee is to retainretains an outside consultant from time to time to gather data from peer companies and to use suchuses that data as a point of reference when reviewing ProAssurance’s compensation practices. The Compensation Committee, with the assistance of ProAssurance’s management and itsthe independent consultant, identifies the peer companies to be used in the compensation analysis. The peer companies arehistorically have been publicly held property and casualty specialty insurance organizations that are comparable to ProAssurance in total assets, market capitalization, revenues and operating margin.

After reviewing peer companies’ data, the compensation consultant provides a report to the committee that describes market practices with regard to executive compensation and identifies any gaps between the market and ProAssurance’s executive compensation practices. In addition, from time to time the Compensation Committee retains a compensation consultant to provide a review and analysis of particular aspects of ProAssurance’s compensation program, and the committee in making its recommendations also considers reports of these studies. The Compensation Committee customarily makes its compensation recommendations to our Board of Directors at its regularly scheduled meeting in the first quarter of each year.

ProAssurance’s senior management makes no recommendations with respect to compensation of the Chief Executive Officer. The Compensation Committee is exclusively responsible for making compensation recommendations for adoption by the Board of Directors as to changes in base salary for the Chief Executive Officer and the number and type of long-term incentive compensation awards to be granted to the Chief Executive Officer. The Compensation Committee also approves the annual incentive award guidelines fornon-equity incentive compensation to be paid to the Chief Executive Officer. The committee’s charter requires that all decisions of the Compensation Committee with respect to the Chief Executive Officer’s compensation are subject to ratification by a majority of the independent directors.

In accordance with its charter, the Compensation Committee makes recommendations as to compensation of our directors. It has been the practice of the Compensation Committee to engage a compensation consultant to perform a review of the compensation of our Board of Directorsbi-annually and to compare with peer companies the compensation of directors for their service on the Board of Directors and for their service on the various committees. The Compensation Committee considers the consultant’s report in making recommendations to the Board of Directors for changes in director compensation.

The Compensation Committee also administers equity andnon-equity incentive plans with respect to awards granted under these plans, which plans currently include the 2014 Annual Incentive Compensation Plan and the 2014 Equity Incentive Plan.

During 2019,2022, our Compensation Committee met 2five times. The charter of the Compensation Committee provides for at least three members, each of whom must be (1) an independent director within the meaning of NYSE Rules, including, but not limited to the independence factors mandated by SEC Rule10C-1(b), (2) a“non-employee “non-employee director” within the meaning of SEC Rule16b-3, and (3) an “outside director” within the meaning of the regulations under Section 162(m) of the Internal Revenue Code. The current members of the Compensation Committee are Robert E. Flowers,Maye Head Frei (Chair), Ziad R. Haydar, M.D. (Chairman), Bruce D. Angiolillo, J.D., and Thomas A. S. Wilson, Jr.Scott C. Syphax. Our Board of Directors has determined that each member of the Compensation Committee is “independent” and meets the requirements of the Compensation Committee charter. No member of the Compensation Committee has any interlocking relationships required to be disclosed under federal securities laws.

This year’s report of the Compensation Committee is on page 3427 of this proxy statement.

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Audit Committee

Our Audit Committee currently consists of fourthree independent directors, and operates pursuant to a written charter that is available in the Corporate Governance section of our website,

15


http://investor.ProAssurance.com/govdocs. The primary purposes of our Audit Committee are to represent and assist the Board of Directors in discharging its oversight responsibility relating to:

the accounting, reporting and financial practices of ProAssurance and its subsidiaries, including the integrity of our financial statements;

the surveillance of our administration and financial controls and compliance with legal and regulatory requirements;

the outside auditor’s qualifications and independence;

ProAssurance’s policies on risk assessment and risk management with respect to financial reporting issues;

cybersecurity systems, policies, and

procedures; and

the performance of our internal auditors.

The Audit Committee also prepares the Report of the Audit Committee, which begins on page 2016 of this proxy statement as required by the SEC rules.

SEC.

Our Audit Committee is responsible for carrying out all of the duties and responsibilities required for audit committees under the Exchange Act and the NYSE Rules. A description of the specific duties and responsibilities of our Audit Committee can be found in its charter. Our Audit Committee and Board of Directors have established a procedure which establishes a confidential means for communications of complaints or concerns with respect to accounting, internal controls and auditing matters to be submitted to the committee, which is described under the caption titled “Other Matters — Policies on Reporting of Concerns Regarding Accounting and Other Matters and Communicating with Directors” in this proxy statement.

The charter of the Audit Committee provides for at least three members, each of whom must be an independent director. The current members of the Audit Committee are Kedrick D. Akins Jr., C.P.A. (Chair), Samuel A. Di Piazza, Jr., C.P.A. (Chairman), Kedrick D. Adkins Jr., C.P.A., Bruce D. Angiolillo, J.D., and Frank A. Spinosa, D.P.M.Fabiola Cobarrubias, M.D. Our Nominating/Corporate Governance Committee and our Board of Directors have determined that each member of the Audit Committee is “independent” within the meaning of the rules of both the SEC and NYSE; that each member of the Audit Committee is financially literate as such qualification is defined under the rules of the NYSE; and that Mr. Di PiazzaAdkins is an “audit committee financial expert” within the meaning of the rules of the SEC. Mr. Adkins, Mr. Angiolillo and Dr. Spinosa areCobarrubias does not presently servingserve on the audit committee of another company. Mr. Adkins is currently on the audit committee of Bright Health Group, Inc. and Mr. Di Piazza is currently on the audit committee of AT&T, Inc. and Regions Financial Corporation.

During 2019,2022, the Audit Committee met nineeight times.

Executive Committee

Our Executive Committee has the authority during intervals between the meetings of the Board of Directors to exercise all powers and authority of the Board of Directors in the management of our business and affairs, except that the Executive Committee may not:

alter or repeal any resolution adopted by the Board of Directors that by its terms is not subject to amendment or repeal by the Executive Committee or any resolution relating to the establishment or membership of the Executive Committee;

act with respect to matters required to be passed upon by the full Board of Directors, the independent directors, or by a committee comprised of independent directors; or

act on any matter that has been delegated to the Audit Committee, the Nominating/Corporate Governance Committee or the Compensation Committee in their respective charters.

OurBy-Laws provide that the Executive Committee has at least three members, including the Chairman of the Board. The members of the Executive Committee are W. Stancil StarnesBruce D. Angiolillo (Chairman), Samuel A. Di Piazza, Jr., C.P.A. (Vice Chairman), and Edward L. Rand, Jr. and Thomas A. S. Wilson, Jr., M.D. The Executive Committee did not meet in 2019.

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2022.

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PROPOSAL 2 — RATIFICATION OF APPOINTMENT OF INDEPENDENT AUDITORS

The Audit Committee has appointed Ernst & Young LLP as our auditors for the current fiscal year ending December 31, 2020.2023. Although ratification of the stockholders is not required for appointment of independent auditors under Delaware law or ourBy-Laws, the Board of Directors believes it is appropriate to seek stockholder ratification of the appointment of Ernst & Young LLP as independent auditor.

Ernst & Young LLP served as the independent auditor of ProAssurance for the year ended December 31, 2019.2022. In connection with the current appointment of the independent auditor, the Audit Committee reviewed with representatives of Ernst & Young LLP the most recent report of the PCAOB on the overall quality of the firm’s audit work.

Representatives of Ernst & Young LLP will be present at the 20202023 annual meeting and will have an opportunity to make a statement if they so desire and will be available to respond to appropriate questions.

Fees for 20192022 and 2018

2021

The table below sets forthfort the aggregate fees incurred by ProAssurance for audit, audit-related, tax and other services provided by Ernst & Young LLP to ProAssurance during each of the last two years.

   2019   2018 

Audit fees

  $2,319,575   $2,542,360 

Audit-related fees

   124,170    0 

Tax fees

   399,865    140,000 

All other fees

   0    0 
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

  $2,843,610   $2,682,360 
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

20222021
Audit fees$4,326,225$4,291,728
Audit-related fees39,569
Tax fees493,921346,845
All other fees
Total$4,820,146$4,678,142
All fees paid to Ernst & Young LLP for 20192022 that required thepre-approval of the Audit Committee were approved in accordance with ourpre-approval policies and procedures described below.

Pre-Approval Policies and Procedures

The audit committee of the Board of DirectorsAudit Committee is responsible for the appointment, compensation and oversight of the work of the independent auditor. As part of this responsibility, the audit committee is required topre-approve the audit andnon-audit services performed by the independent auditor in order to assure that they do not impair the auditor’s independence. The SEC has issued rules specifying the types of services that an independent auditor may not provide to its audit client and governing the audit committee’s administration of the engagement of the independent auditor. Our Audit Committee has adopted an Audit andNon-audit ServicePre-approval Policy, which sets forth the procedures and the conditions pursuant to which services proposed to be performed by our independent auditor may bepre-approved.

Forpre-approval ofnon-audit services, our Audit Committee will consider whether services are consistent with the SEC’s rules on auditor independence. Our Audit Committee will also consider whether the independent auditor is able to provide effective and efficient service, for reasons such as its familiarity with our business, people, culture, accounting systems, risk profile and other factors, and whether the services will enhance our ability to manage or control risk or improve audit quality. Our Audit Committee is also mindful of the relationship between fees for audit andnon-audit services in deciding whether topre-approve any such services. All such factors will be considered as a whole, and no one factor is necessarily determinative.

Our Audit Committee determines from time to time the eligible services that may be provided to ProAssurance by our independent auditors in accordance with the requirements and guidance of the SEC and the NYSE, or other exchanges or market systems on which our stock is traded. The Audit Committee also determines whether such services fit in the categories of Audit Services, Audit-related Services, Tax Services and other PermittedNon-audit Services as described below and as the description of such services may be modified under

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subsequent guidance and interpretation of the regulatory and self-regulatory organizations applicable to ProAssurance, including without limitation, the SEC and the NYSE. The independent auditor may not provide anynon-audit services that are prohibited under the provisions of Section 10A of the Exchange Act and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.

Audit Services.Audit services in the annual audit engagement include the annual financial statement audit (including required quarterly reviews), subsidiary audits, equity investment audits and other procedures required to be performed by the independent auditor in order for the independent auditor to form an opinion on our consolidated financial statements. These other procedures include information systems and procedural reviews and testing performed in order to understand and place reliance on the systems of internal control and consultations relating to the annual audit or quarterly review and an actuarial analysis of the estimate for losses in our financial statements. Audit services also include the engagement for the independent auditor’s report on the effectiveness of internal controls for financial reporting. In addition to the audit services included in the annual audit engagement, the Audit Committee may approve other audit services. Other audit services are those services that only the independent auditor can reasonably provide and include statutory audits or financial audits for our subsidiaries or affiliates, services associated with inclusion of acquired companies in our financial statements, and services associated with SEC registration statements, periodic reports and other documents we file with the SEC or other documents issued in connection with a securities offering.

Audit-related Services.Audit-related services are assurance and related services that are reasonably related to the performance of the audit or review of our financial statements or that are traditionally performed by the independent auditor. Because our Audit Committee believes that the provision of audit-related services does not impair the independence of the auditor and is consistent with SEC rules on auditor independence, the Audit Committee may grantpre-approval to audit-related services. Audit-related services include, among others: due diligence services pertaining to potential business acquisitions/dispositions; accounting consultations relating to accounting, financial reporting or disclosure matters not classified as “audit services;” assistance with understanding and implementing new accounting and financial reporting guidance from rule-making authorities; financial audits of employee benefit plans; agreed upon or expanded audit procedures related to accounting and/or billing records required to respond or comply with financial, accounting or regulatory reporting matters; and assistance with internal control reporting requirements.

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Tax Services.Our Audit Committee believes that the independent auditor can provide tax services to ProAssurance such as tax compliance, tax planning and tax advice without impairing the auditor’s independence, and the SEC has stated that the independent auditor may provide such services. Hence, our Audit Committee believes it may grantpre-approval to those tax services that:

the Audit Committee believes would not impair the independence of the auditor; and

are consistent with SEC rules on auditor independence.

The Audit Committee will not permit the retention of the independent auditor in connection with a transaction initially recommended by the independent auditor, the sole business purpose of which may be tax avoidance and the tax treatment of which may not be supported in the Internal Revenue Code and related regulations. The Audit Committee will consult with the Chief Financial Officer or outside counsel to determine that tax planning and reporting advice is consistent with this policy.

OtherNon-audit Services.Our Audit Committee believes, based on the SEC’s rules prohibiting the independent auditor from providing specificnon-audit services, that certain types ofnon-audit services are permitted. Accordingly, the Audit Committee believes it may grantpre-approval for those permissiblenon-audit services that it believes are routine and recurring services, would not impair the independence of the auditor, and are consistent with the SEC’s rules on auditor independence. Our Audit Committee may notpre-approve any of the SEC’s prohibitednon-audit services.

Annual Audit Engagement.Our Audit Committee appoints the independent auditor of ProAssurance andpre-approves the services to be provided in connection with the preparation or issuance of the annual audit report

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or related work. The annual audit services are set forth in an engagement letter prepared by the independent auditor which is submitted to the Audit Committee for approval. The engagement letter provides that the independent auditor reports directly to the Audit Committee. Any audit services within the scope of the engagement letter are deemed to have beenpre-approved by our Audit Committee.

Pre-approval of Other Audit andNon-audit Services.Other audit services, audit-related services, tax services, and othernon-audit services may bepre-approved by our Audit Committee in accordance with the following procedure either on a specificcase-by-case basis as services are needed or on apre-approval basis for services that are expected to be needed. Our Audit Committee may delegate to one or more designated members of the Audit Committee, who are independent directors of the Board of Directors, the authority to grantpre-approval of these services to be performed by the independent auditors. The member to whom such authority is delegated must report, for informational purposes only, anypre-approval decisions to the Audit Committee at its next scheduled meeting.

Our management may submit requests forpre-approval of eligible services by the independent auditor from time to time to our Audit Committee or to the member or members of the committee to whompre-approval authority has been delegated. The request for approval must be sufficiently detailed as to the particular services to be provided so that the Audit Committee knows precisely what services it is being asked topre-approve and so that it can make a well-reasoned assessment of the impact of the service on the auditor’s independence. Budgeted amounts or fee levels for services to be provided by the independent auditor must be submitted with the request forpre-approval. Requests forpre-approval of services by the independent auditor must include a joint statement of the independent auditor and our Chief Financial Officer as to whether, in their view, the request or application is consistent with the SEC’s rules on auditor independence.

Our Audit Committee will be informed not less frequently than quarterly of the services rendered by the independent auditor. Our Chief Financial Officer is responsible for tracking all independent auditors’ fees against the budget for such services and report at least quarterly to the Audit Committee.

The Audit Committee Charter designates our internal auditor to monitor the performance of all services provided by ProAssurance’s independent auditor and to determine whether such services are in compliance with policy. Our internal auditor reports to the Audit Committee on a periodic basis on the results of its monitoring. Both our internal auditor and management will immediately report to the ChairmanChair of the Audit Committee any breach of this policy that comes to the attention of the internal auditor or any member of management. The Audit Committee will also review our internal auditor’s annual internal audit plan to determine that the plan provides for monitoring of the independent auditor’s services.

Vote Required

The ratification of Ernst & Young LLP as ProAssurance’s independent auditor for 20202023 will require the affirmative vote of a majority of the shares voting on the matter at the 20202023 annual meeting. If you vote your shares without instructions to your proxy on this proposal, your shares will be votedFORthe ratification of the appointment of Ernst & Young LLP. In the event that the appointment of Ernst & Young LLP as independent auditor for 20202023 is not approved by the affirmative vote of a majority of the shares voting on the matter, the Board of Directors will request that the Audit Committee reconsider its appointment of independent auditors for the year ending December 31, 2020.

2023.

THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS UNANIMOUSLY RECOMMENDS A VOTEFORTHE RATIFICATION OF ERNST & YOUNG LLP AS INDEPENDENT AUDITOR OF PROASSURANCE FOR 2020.

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2023.

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REPORT OF THE AUDIT COMMITTEE

The Audit Committee is currently comprised of fourthree independent directors and operates pursuant to a written charter. The charter is available in the Corporate Governance section of our website at http://investor.ProAssurance.com/govdocs. During 2019,2022, the Audit Committee met nineeight times. In conjunction with some of these meetings, the Audit Committee met in executive sessions and met in separate sessions with our independent auditor, our internal auditors, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer.

Our management is responsible for the preparation, presentation and integrity of ProAssurance’s financial statements, accounting and financial reporting principles and the establishment and effectiveness of internal controls and procedures designed to assure compliance with accounting standards and applicable laws and regulations. The independent auditor is responsible for performing an independent audit of ProAssurance’s financial statements in accordance with generally accepted auditing standards and expressing an opinion as to their conformity with generally accepted accounting principles. The independent auditor is also required to review the adequacy and effectiveness of ProAssurance’s internal controls on financial reporting. The Audit Committee is directly responsible in its capacity as a committee of the Board for the appointment, compensation and oversight of the work of the independent auditor. The independent auditor reports directly to the Audit Committee.

In performing its oversight role, the Audit Committee has considered and discussed the audited financial statements with management and with Ernst & Young LLP, our independent auditor. The Audit Committee also has discussed with the independent auditor the matters required to be discussed by auditing standards and guidelines established by the SEC and the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (the “PCAOB”). The independent auditor has communicated to the Audit Committee the communications required by Auditing Standard No. 1301. In addition, the auditor is required to inquire as to whether the Audit Committee is aware of matters relevant to the audit such as fraud or possible violation of laws and is further required to communicate to the Audit Committee any other matters arising from the audit that are significant and relevant to the Audit Committee regarding its oversight of the financial reporting process.

The Audit Committee has received from Ernst & Young LLP a letter providing the disclosures required by PCAOB Rule 3526, Communications with Audit Committees Concerning Independence, with respect to any relationships between Ernst & Young LLP and ProAssurance that in its professional judgment may reasonably be thought to bear on independence. Ernst & Young LLP has discussed its independence with the Audit Committee, and has confirmed in such letter that, in its professional judgment, it is independent of ProAssurance within the meaning of federal securities laws and in compliance with PCAOB Rule 3520.

All audit andnon-audit services performed by the independent auditor must bepre-approved by the Audit Committee or a member thereof. The Audit Committee approved the audit services rendered by our independent auditor during ProAssurance’s most recent fiscal year. Ernst & Young LLP performed limitednon-audit services in 2018 related to premium tax filings, as well as limitednon-audit services in 20192022 related to federal and state tax compliance and premium tax filings and services related to the proposed transaction with NORCAL Mutual Insurance Company.

filings.

Members of the Audit Committee rely, without independent verification, on the information provided to them and on the representations made by management and the independent auditor. Accordingly, the Audit Committee’s oversight does not provide an independent basis to determine that management has maintained appropriate accounting and financial reporting principles or appropriate internal controls and procedures designed to assure compliance with accounting standards and applicable laws and regulations.

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Based on the reports and discussions described in this report, and subject to the limitations on the role and responsibilities of the Audit Committee referred to above and in the charter, the Audit Committee recommended to the Board of Directors that the audited consolidated financial statements of ProAssurance for 20192022 be included in its Annual Report on Form10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019,2022, prior to the filing of such report with the SEC.

Audit Committee:

Kedrick D. Adkins, Jr., C.P.A., Chair
Samuel A. Di Piazza, Jr., C.P.A., Chairman

Kedrick D. Adkins Jr., C.P.A.

Bruce D. Angiolillo, J.D.

Frank A. Spinosa, D.P.M.

April 6, 2020

Fabiola Cobarrubias, M.D.
March 27, 2023















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PROPOSAL 3 — ADVISORY VOTE ON EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION

Section 14A of the Exchange Act, which was enacted in July 2010 as part of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (the "Dodd-Frank Act"), requires that we provide our stockholders with the opportunity to vote to approve, on a nonbinding, advisory basis, the compensation of our Named Executive Officers as disclosed in this proxy statement in accordance with the compensation disclosure rules of the SEC. At the 2017 annual meeting our stockholders voted for ProAssurance to continue providing the stockholders this opportunity to vote on executive compensation on an annual basis and we have done so since. At this annual meeting, the stockholders will do so untilvote on the advisory vote frequency, is required to be reauthorized in 2023.

which such vote occurs every six years.

As described in detail in this proxy statement under the heading “Compensation Discussion and Analysis,” we seek to align closely the interests of our Named Executive Officers with the interests of our stockholders. Our compensation programs are designed to reward our Named Executive Officers for the achievement of short-term and long-term strategic and operational goals and the achievement of increased total stockholder return, while at the same time avoiding the encouragement of unnecessary or excessive risk-taking. The Compensation Committee and the Board of Directors believe the policies and procedures articulated in the Compensation Discussion and Analysis are effective in implementing our compensation philosophy and in achieving its goals, and that the compensation of our executive officers in 20192022 reflects and supports these compensation policies and procedures.

The vote on this resolution is not intended to address any specific element of compensation; rather, the vote relates to the compensation of our Named Executive Officers, as described in this proxy statement in accordance with the compensation disclosure rules of the SEC. The vote is advisory, which means that the vote is not binding on us, our Board of Directors or the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors. To the extent there is any significant vote against our Named Executive Officer compensation as disclosed in this proxy statement, the Compensation Committee will evaluate whether any actions are necessary to address the concerns of stockholders.

The approval of this Proposal 3 requires the affirmative vote of a majority of the shares voting on the matter at the 20202023 annual meeting without regard to brokernon-votes or abstentions. Accordingly, we will ask our stockholders to vote on the following resolution at the annual meeting:

“RESOLVED, that the stockholders of ProAssurance Corporation approve, on an advisory basis, the compensation paid to the Named Executive Officers, as disclosed in ProAssurance Corporation’s proxy statement for the 20202023 Annual Meeting of Stockholders pursuant to the compensation disclosure requirements set forth in Item 402 of RegulationS-K of the Securities and Exchange Commission, including the Compensation Discussion and Analysis, the 20202023 Summary Compensation Table and the other related tables and narrative discussion.”

Recommendation by the Board; Vote Required

In accordance with the requirements of the NYSE, brokers may not vote on the advisory vote on executive compensation without specific instructions from the beneficial owners of shares.If you hold your shares in

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“street “street name” with your broker and you do not specifically instruct your broker how to vote on the advisory vote on executive compensation, your broker will not vote for you on Proposal 3 (Advisory Vote on Executive Compensation).

THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS UNANIMOUSLY RECOMMENDS THAT THE STOCKHOLDERS VOTEFORTHE APPROVAL OF THE COMPENSATION OF OUR NAMED EXECUTIVE OFFICERS, AS DISCLOSED IN THIS PROXY STATEMENT.

PROPOSAL 4 – ADVISORY VOTE ON THE FREQUENCY OF AN ADVISORY VOTE ON EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION

The Dodd-Frank Act also provides that stockholders must be given the opportunity at least once every six years to vote, on a non-binding, advisory basis, for their preference as to how frequently we should seek future advisory votes on the compensation of our Named Executive Officers as disclosed in accordance with the compensation disclosure rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission, which we refer to as an advisory vote on executive compensation. By voting with respect to this Proposal 4, stockholders may indicate whether they would prefer that we conduct future advisory votes on executive compensation once every one, two, or three years. Stockholders also may, if they wish, abstain from casting a vote on this proposal.
The first vote on the frequency of an advisory vote on executive compensation was held by ProAssurance at our 2011 Annual Meeting. The stockholders voted at the 2011 Annual Meeting to hold an advisory vote every year. Our Board of Directors has determined that an advisory vote on executive compensation that occurs annually continues to be the most appropriate frequency for ProAssurance and therefore our Board recommends that you vote for an annual advisory vote on executive compensation. The Board is recommending that stockholders vote for a frequency of once every year because it believes that an annual advisory vote on executive compensation is a good corporate governance practice and that it has and will allow our stockholders to provide their direct input on our compensation philosophy, policies and practices as disclosed in our proxy statement every year. Also, an annual advisory vote on executive compensation is consistent with our desire to seek input from, and engage in discussions with, our stockholders on corporate governance matters and our executive compensation philosophy, policies and practices.
We recognize that our stockholders may have different views as to the best approach on this issue, and therefore we look forward to hearing from our stockholders as to their preferences on the frequency of an advisory vote on executive compensation.
This vote is advisory and not binding on ProAssurance or our Board of Directors in any way. The Board of Directors and the Compensation Committee will take into account the outcome of the vote, however, when considering the frequency of future advisory votes on executive compensation. The Board may decide that it is in the best interests of our stockholders and ProAssurance to hold an advisory vote on executive compensation more or less frequently than the frequency receiving the most votes cast by our stockholders.
The proxy card provides stockholders with the opportunity to choose among four options (holding the vote every one, two or three years, or abstaining) and, therefore, stockholders will not be voting to approve or disapprove the recommendation of the Board of Directors.
THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS RECOMMENDS THAT YOU VOTE 1 YEAR AS THE PREFERRED FREQUENCY FOR ADVISORY VOTES ON EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION.
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EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
Compensation Discussion and Analysis

Message From Our Compensation Committee Chair
Fellow Stockholders of ProAssurance,
Our compensation program is designed to pay for performance and is fully aligned with stockholders' interests while recognizing the external dynamics of the markets in which we operate. ProAssurance achieved notable successes in 2022, including written premium that exceeded $1 billion for the first time in our history, driven by the continued successful integration of the NORCAL acquisition, significant rate gains in our renewed business, and strong customer retention. Further, we reopened our business offices with a post-pandemic flexible work schedule and hired a program manager to focus on implementation of our plans related to Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion as we pursue our goal to be the Employer of Choice for our industry. Against the backdrop of a very challenging loss environment for claims, our consolidated combined ratio deteriorated slightly to 105.3% in 2022 versus 105.0% in the prior year. While rising interest rates drove a 36.1% increase in net investment income for the year, the accompanying decline in mark-to-market value of our fixed income assets (which we intend to hold to maturity and redeem at par value) resulted in a decline in book value per share.
The Compensation Committee applied the Company's annual and long-term incentive compensation metrics as designed and without adjustments. Our new disclosures of compensation actually paid to our executives demonstrate that our compensation program aligns appropriately with annual and long-term performance. Performance-based equity awards that matured in 2022 yielded no payout to our Named Executives, and annual incentives for 2022 were valued at 99.75% to 106.5% of the target level. We continue to believe our compensation decisions appropriately balance our need to attract and retain executive talent while simultaneously protecting and enhancing stockholder value. I hope that you will agree after considering the contents of our Compensation Discussion and Analysis and indicate your support of our efforts when casting your say-on-pay vote.
My best regards,
Frei signature.jpg
Maye Head Frei
Chair

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Executive Summary
The following discussion will addressdescribes our compensation practices with respect to our Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”) and the other executive officers named in the Summary Compensation Table on page 3427 of this proxy statement, whichwhom we refer to as our “executives”���executives” in the discussion.

Overview

Our Named Executive Officers (“NEOs”) for 2022 were:

NameTitle
Edward L .Rand, Jr.President and Chief Executive Officer
Dana S. HendricksExecutive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
Jeffrey P. LisenbyExecutive Vice President, General Counsel & Secretary
Michael L. BoguskiPresident, Specialty Property Casualty Segment
Kevin M. ShookPresident, Workers’ Compensation Segment
Pay for Performance
We seek to offer competitive compensation that is designed to attract and retain qualified and motivated individualsengaged executives and reward them based on performance. Our executive compensation follows theprogram aligns pay for performance as demonstrated through a compensation format generally applicableframework in the insurance industry consistingwhich 77% of our Chief Executive Officer’s 2023 annual target total direct compensation is “at-risk.” Total compensation consists of base salary, annual incentive compensation, and long-termlong- term incentive compensation.

We emphasize incentive compensation that rewards our executives for the achievement of short-term and long-term strategic and operational goals. Our compensation program for executives contemplates a total compensation package that is competitive in the market. Our goal is to place a majority of our executives’ compensation relative to base salary at risk while at the same time avoiding the encouragement of unnecessary or excessive risk-taking. We establish performance measure targets for annual and long term incentive compensation which if earned will result in a majority of our executive compensation being at risk. In 2019, the “at risk” compensation (sum of annual incentive and three year average of long term incentive) received by our Chief Executive Officer was approximately 52.0% of total compensation and the “at risk” compensation received by our other executives ranged from approximately 40.2% to 59.7% of total compensation (sum of base salary, annual incentive and three year average of long term incentive). The percentage of “at risk” compensation was less in 2019 than in 2018 because the target performance measures used to determine incentive compensation were not met in 2019; as a result, the amount of incentive compensation received by the executives was a smaller portion of their compensation. The performance measures are established to reward performance and to link rewards to our strategic business objectives as follows:

Our annual Annual incentive compensation is intended to maximize the efficiency and effectiveness of our operations by providing compensation based on annualachievement of pre-defined performance measures formetrics by our executives.

Our long-term Long-term incentive compensation is intended to reward executives for executives is focused ondriving results that achieve long-term growth in stockholder value.


Components of Total Annual Direct Compensation
Components of Total Annual Direct Compensation Charts.jpg
We placeachieved a number of operational successes in 2022, as detailed immediately below under the heading “Key 2022 Performance Measures and Strategic Actions.” In light of these accomplishments and pursuant to our executivewritten compensation beforeplans, our stockholders2022 compensation program resulted in:
Annual incentive payments ranged from 99.75% to 106.5% of target level for an advisory voteall NEOs; and
No payment realized under 2020-22 performance shares that matured at year-end 2022 (representing a loss of $475,000 in target granted pay for the CEO and a loss between $125,000 and $212,500 in target granted pay for each annual meeting. Inof the eventother NEOs).
Key 2022 Performance Measures and Strategic Actions
For 2022, we reported Non-GAAP operating income of $25 million, or $0.45 per diluted share, compared to a substantial negative vote, we will carefully considerNon-GAAP operating income of approximately $76 million in 2021, or $1.40 per diluted share. Our consolidated combined ratio for the reasons that we believe may have prompted that vote. A summaryyear ended December 31, 2022, was 105.3%, a slight deterioration of 0.3 points from 105% in 2021. For purposes of our executive compensation was disclosed to our stockholders in the proxy statement for last year’s annual meeting at which we received the favorable vote of approximately 97% of the shares that voted on the advisory vote on executive compensation.

At the 2013 annual meeting, our stockholders approved the 2014 Annual Incentive Compensation Plan and the 2014 Amended and Restated Equity Incentive Plan to replace the 2008 Annual Incentive Compensation Plan and the 2008 Equity Incentive Plan. The Board of Directors recommended that these plans be approved by the stockholders so that performance-based compensation granted to our executives under our short term and long term incentive plans would qualify under Section 162(m) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”) and so that the shares of our common stock issued as equity awards under these plans would be eligible

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for listing on the New York Stock Exchange. All annual and long-term2022 incentive compensation grantedplans the consolidated combined ratio was 105.2%, which excludes the effects of certain non-operational items.

In our Specialty Property Casualty segment, the combined ratio for 2022 was 104.2%, an increase of 3 points from 101.2% in the last three years has been granted under the 2014 plans.

The incentive compensation of2021. In our Chief Executive Officer and other executive officers of ProAssurance is based on corporate-wide performance measures in recognition of their responsibility for overall performance of ProAssurance and its insurance subsidiaries. In 2017, 2018, and 2019, we operated several of our subsidiaries as separate operating divisions, including ProAssurance Indemnity Company, Inc., ProAssurance Casualty Company, ProAssurance Specialty Insurance Company, Inc. (“Healthcare Professional Liability Group” or “HCPL Group”); the Podiatry Insurance Company of America and its subsidiary, PACO Assurance Company, Inc. (the “PICA Group”); and Eastern Insurance Holdings, Inc. and its insurance subsidiaries (the “Eastern Group”). We considered the presidents of these operating divisions to be executive officers and based annual incentive compensation in part on performance measures tailored to their respective operating divisions. In conjunction with our release of 2018 earnings, we announced changes in our management structure that aligned executive management to our financial operating segments (“Segments”). The HCPL Group and the PICA Group are included in the Specialty P&C Segment (“Specialty P&C”) and the Eastern Group is included in the Workers’Worker’s Compensation Insurance Segmentsegment, the combined ratio was 99.9% in 2022 versus 101.5% the prior year, and theour Segregated Portfolio Cell Reinsurance segment recorded a combined ratio of 85.4% for 2022 versus 85.1% in 2021.

Return-on-equity calculated in accordance with GAAP in 2022 was 0%. Non-GAAP operating return-on-equity, which excludes the effects of investment gains and losses and which is the metric incorporated into our incentive compensation plans, was 1.9%. Total stockholder return for the year was approximately (49.7%). See further discussion on the calculation of total stockholder return in "Pay Versus Performance" beginning on page 36 of this proxy statement.
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In addition, our management team executed several significant strategic achievements in 2022 that position the company for long-term success, including:
Written premiums exceeded $1 billion for the first time, driven by the continued successful integration of the NORCAL acquisition, significant rate gains in our renewed business, and strong customer retention.
We fully reopened our business offices with flexible post-pandemic work schedules for our employees.
We hired a program manager to focus on implementation of our plans related to Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion ("DE&I"), in furtherance of our goal to be the Employer of Choice for our industry.
2022 Compensation Outcomes
Our 2022 compensation results reflect our pay for performance philosophy of aligning executive compensation with operational and financial performance.
2022 Annual Incentive Program — Chief Executive Officer: For the CEO, 2022 performance was between threshold and target levels for the Non-GAAP Operating ROE element (weighted 35% of bonus potential) and exceeded the target level for the Consolidated Combined Ratio (40% weight). The Compensation Committee determined that the CEO earned 125% of target level credit (25% weight) for the Individual Performance component of the annual incentive program, in light of successful continued integration of the NORCAL acquisition, continued substantive progress on company-wide DE&I efforts, and strong leadership under challenging competitive conditions and a very difficult environment for defense of medical professional liability claims.
Total Annual Incentive Achievement for Chief Executive Officer106.5% of target
2022 Annual Incentive Program — Corporate Executives: For Corporate executives, 2022 performance was between threshold and target levels for the Non-GAAP Operating ROE element (weighted 35% of bonus potential) and exceeded the target level for the Consolidated Combined Ratio (40% weight). The Compensation Committee determined that Corporate executives earned 105% of target level credit (25% weight) for the Individual Performance component of the annual incentive program, for many of the reasons described in the CEO section immediately above.
Total Annual Incentive Achievement for Corporate Executives101.5% of target
2022 Annual Incentive Program — Specialty P&C: For the President of the Specialty P&C segment, 2022 performance was 95% of the target performance level for Segment (collectively, “Workers’ Comp”)Combined Ratio (20% weight) and 106.2% of target for Segment Gross Premium Written (20% weight), resulting in overall achievement of 100.6% for the Specialty Property Casualty segment. Performance was between threshold and target levels for the Non-GAAP Operating ROE element (35% weight), and the presidentsCompensation Committee determined that the Specialty P&C President earned 105% of these Segments are now consideredtarget level credit (25% weight) for the Individual Performance component for many of the reasons described in the CEO section above.
Total Annual Incentive Achievement for Specialty P&C President99.8% of target
2022 Annual Incentive — Workers’ Compensation: For the President of the Workers’ Compensation segment, 2022 performance exceeded target level for both the Segment Combined Ratio (30% weight) and Segregated Portfolio Cell Income (10% weight) metrics, resulting in overall achievement of 113.9%. Performance was between threshold and target levels for the Non-GAAP Operating ROE element (35% weight), and the Compensation Committee determined that the Workers' Compensation President earned 105% of target level credit (25% weight) for the Individual Performance component for many of the reasons described in the CEO section above.
Total Annual Incentive Achievement for Workers' Compensation President105.1% of target
2020-22 Long-Term Equity Incentive Grants: For executives who received Long-Term Incentive Equity Grants in 2020, performance was below the threshold performance requirement for both Relative Total Shareholder Return and Compound Annual Growth Rate in Book Value over the three- year performance period. Those grants, therefore, had no value at maturity, resulting in loss of target level pay in the amount of $475,000 for the CEO and an amount ranging from $125,000 to $212,500 for the other Named Executive Officers.
Total Achievement for 2020-22 LT Equity Incentive Grants0% of target
Stockholder Engagement
The Compensation Committee strives to ensure that our executive officers.

compensation program aligns with the interests of our stockholders and adheres to our pay for performance philosophy. When setting compensation for our executives, the Compensation Committee considers the results of the annual Say-on-Pay vote, the long-term vision and strategic goals of the Company, input from management, input from its independent compensation consultant, and investor engagement feedback. Our executive compensation program historically has received very strong stockholder support.

Proxy Year20182019202020212022
Favorable Vote98%98%87%96%97%
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Compensation Governance Practices
The Compensation Committee observes best practices in its oversight of the executive compensation program.
What we do:What we don’t do:
√ Annual say-on-pay vote
√ Majority of pay at-risk or variable
√ Balance metrics and measurement periods
√ Annual engagement with stockholders
√ Share ownership requirements
√ Double-trigger cash severance agreements
√ Clawback policy covering both cash and equity
√ Minimum holding period for stock awards
√ Risk assessment of pay
√ Engage an independent compensation consultant
x Tax gross-ups in new executive agreements
x Permit hedging by employees or directors
x Excessive perquisites
x Overlapping performance metrics
x Stock option repricing
x Pay dividends on unearned shares
2022 Compensation Review Process

As the Compensation Committee, we recommend compensation for our Chief Executive Officer, review and approve compensation recommended by our Chief Executive Officer for other executive officers, and administer our incentive compensation plans. All of the members of the Compensation Committee are directors of ProAssurance, and our Board has determined that each member is independent under the independence requirements for compensation committee members under our charter and the applicable SEC and NYSE Rules.rules. Our recommendation for the compensation of our CEO is subject to ratification by a majority of the independent directors on our Board.

To aid in our evaluation of the reasonableness of our executive compensation and the competitiveness of such compensation with market practices, we use compensation data from a group of peer companies as a primary point of reference. As a secondary point of reference, we useanalyze relevant data from credible published salary surveys of executive compensation to evaluate the competitiveness of the compensation to the presidents of our operating divisions.compensation. The peer group compensation data includes base salaries, annual incentive compensation and long-term incentive compensation payable to senior-level executives in the peer group. We do not attempt to benchmark our compensation to the peer group.

Independent Compensation Consultant
The Compensation Committee retained Total Compensation SolutionsF.W. Cook (“TCS”FWC”) to assist the Committee in the evaluation of our executive compensation for the current year2022 and the years covered in the Summary Compensation Table.2021 and received advice from another independent consultant for 2020. The Compensation Committee has been directly responsible for the appointment and oversight of TCSindependent compensation consultants in the years covered in the Summary Compensation Table.Table on page 27 of this proxy statement. The compensation payable to TCS for its services to ProAssuranceFWC in 2022 and 2021 (and another consultant in 2020) has been fixed by the Committee and funded by ProAssurance. TCS has performed no servicesFWC provided its disclosure of independence factors enumerated in SEC Rule 10C-1(b)(4). The Committee determined that FWC was an independent consultant to the Committee in 2022 and 2021, along with the consultant engaged by ProAssurance for ProAssurance other than those performed2020.
Peer Group for 2022
The Compensation Committee selected the Compensation Committee. ProAssurance also participates in an industry survey prepared each year by TCS at an annual costfollowing 18 companies as the peer group for reviewing 2022 compensation:
ProAssurance Peer Group for 2022 Compensation Decisions
AmerisafeGlobal Indemnity Group+State Auto Financial
Argo Group International HoldingsHorace Mann EducatorsSiriusPoint
Assured GuarantyJames River Group HoldingsUnited Fire Group
Donegal GroupRLIUnited Insurance Holdings
Employers HoldingsSafety Insurance GroupUniversal Insurance Holdings
Erie IndemnitySelective Insurance GroupWhite Mtns Insurance Group
+ Indicates new company added to ProAssurancethe Peer Group for 2022.
In selecting the 2022 peer group, the Committee considered a number of approximately $1,100.

As required by rules enacted byfactors with the SECmost relevant being total assets, market capitalization, and total revenue, as follows (all figures as of year-end 2022):

FactorTotal AssetsMarket CapRevenue
Peer 75th Percentile
$9.3 billion$3.6 billion$1.6 billion
Peer Median$3.4 billion$1.0 billion$1.1 billion
Peer 25th Percentile
$2.4 billion$0.7 billion$0.8 billion
ProAssurance$5.7 billion$0.9 billion$1.1 billion
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Responsibilities of the Committee and the NYSE,CEO
Our charter provides the Compensation Committee evaluatedwith the independence of TCS in connection with its engagement asexclusive responsibility for making recommendations on compensation consultant for the Committee for 2020. The Compensation Committee determined that TCS is independent after making inquiry of TCS with respect to the factors set forth in the NYSE guidance for evaluation of the independence of compensation consultants. AmongChief Executive Officer for approval by the factors that the Compensation Committee considered were that TCS performed no services for ProAssurance other than those performed for the Committee and for management as described above; that the fees paid by ProAssurance comprised 5.4% of TCS’s revenues in 2019, 6.4% of TCS’s revenues in 2018 and 6.6% of TCS’s revenues in 2017; that TCS disclosed to us its conflict of interest policy that it has established to prevent conflicts of interests; and that neither TCS nor any of the individuals providing consulting services to

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ProAssurance owns any shares of common stock of ProAssurance and none of them has had a relationship with any executive officer or director of ProAssurance.

With assistanceindependent members of our senior management, TCS compiled a list of peer companies, whichBoard. Our recommendation includes the Compensation Committee subsequently reviewedCEO’s base salary and approved, to be used as comparatorsopportunity for our executive compensation and compiled compensation data of the peer companies with respect to base salaries, annual incentive compensation and long-term incentive compensation. The peer companies are intended to represent organizations that compete with ProAssurance both for business and talent. TCS evaluated each elementindependent Board members unanimously approved all of our executive compensation in comparisonrecommendations with respect to the Chief Executive Officer’s compensation information compiled from the peer companies.

The companies used as our peer group to review 2019 compensation included 19 companies, namely: Alleghany Corporation; American National Insurance Company; AmTrust Financial Services, Inc.; ARCH Capital Group Ltd.; Argo Group, Inc.; Donegal Group, Inc.; Employers Holdings, Inc.; Erie Indemnity Company; Horace Mann Educators Corporation; Kemper Corporation; Markel Corporation; Mercury General Corporation; RLI Corp.; Safety Insurance Group, Inc.; Selective Insurance Group, Inc.; State Auto Financial Corporation; United Fire Group, Inc.; United Insurance Holdings Corp.; Universal Insurance Holdings; and W. R. Berkley Corporation. The 2019 peer group was substantially the same as the peer group used to review 2018 compensation except that AmTrust Financial Services, Inc. and The Navigators Group, Inc. were removed from the group, and Kemper and Universal Insurance Holdings were added to the group in 2019.

The specialty insurers included in the peer companies had total assets ranging from approximately $1.78 billion to approximately $33.3 billion with a median of approximately $5.4 billion at the end of 2018 as compared to ProAssurance’syear-end total assets of approximately $4.6 billion, and they had a market capitalization ranging from approximately $0.39 billion to approximately $14.4 billion with a median of approximately $2.9 billion at the end of 2018 as compared to ProAssurance’syear-end market capitalization of approximately $2.8 billion. The median revenues for all of the peer companies were approximately $1.8 billion as compared to ProAssurance’s revenue of approximately $886 million for the year ended December 31, 2018, and the median operating income (before income taxes) for the peer companies was approximately $67.7 million as compared to $79.5 million for ProAssurance for the year ended December 31, 2018.

In the course of its duties as our compensation consultant, TCS compiles data on executive compensation arrangements from the peer companies and provides us with a report that includes a summary of the compiled data and its observations and recommendations on the competitiveness of the elements of ProAssurance’s executive compensation (base salary, annual incentives and long-term incentives). Senior management provides the Committee information for use in developing recommendations on executive compensation in the following respects:

2022.

calculation of the incentive compensation payable to each of the senior executives in accordance with the performance criteria in the annual incentive award guidelines as approved by the Committee for that year;

review and analysis of the performance criteria for performance shares to be granted as long-term compensation in the current year in view of the long-term corporate goals and objectives;

calculation of the results of performance criteria and corresponding awards under maturing performance shares;

estimate of the value of equity compensation in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States;

analysis of the performance criteria in the annual incentive award guidelines for the current year in light of current corporate goals; and

analysis of the form and mix of the compensation elements included in our executive compensation.

The Chief Executive Officer recommends to the Compensation Committee the appropriate compensation for executive officers other than himself within the compensation framework established by the Committee.

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The When making these recommendations, the Chief Executive Officer has access to the compensation consultant’s reports when making these recommendations. The Committee reviews these recommendations atreports. In a meeting usually heldseries of meetings conducted in February 2023, after the financial results of the prior year arewere reasonably certain. We receivecertain, the Committee reviewed the recommendations of the Chief Executive OfficerCEO together with supporting material and we review this information along with the report of the compensation consultant. After analyzing the information, we make our decisions and transmit them to the full board through the minutes of the Committee meeting. We accepted the recommendations of the Chief Executive OfficerCEO for the current year and all years covered in the Summary Compensation Table.

Senior management makes no recommendations with respect to The independent directors ratified our approval of the compensationCEO’s recommendations.

Compensation of the Chief Executive Officer. Our charter vests the Compensation Committee with the exclusive responsibility for making recommendations for both the base salary of the Chief Executive Officer and for the opportunity for payment of annual incentive compensation and long-term incentive compensation to the Chief Executive Officer. All of our recommendations with respect to the Chief Executive Officer’s compensation, which are subject to approval by the independent directors under our charter, were unanimously approved by the independent directors on our Board of Directors.

Chief Executive Officer

Edward L. Rand, Jr. was appointed as Chief Executive Officer of ProAssurance in July 2019, at which time we entered into an employment agreement with him. Prior to July 2019, Mr. Rand was our President and Chief Operating Officer, and prior to that,September 2018, he served approximately 14 years as our Chief Financial Officer. The Summary Compensation Table reflects the compensation paid to Mr. Rand for 2017, 2018, and 2019 for his employment roles as in existence during such years; his compensation beginning July 1, 2019 that is reflected in the table is pursuant to his employment agreement. TheRand’s employment agreement provides that Mr. Randhe will be paid a base salary to be fixed annually by the Board of Directors; that he will be eligible for annual incentive compensation based on corporate objectives consistent with the criteria established for our other executives; and that he will be granted long-term incentive compensation having a grant-date value of not less than $750,000 at the target performance level of not less than $750,000.level. The Compensation Committee and the independent directors approved compensation for Mr. Rand consistent with these terms, as described in the following discussion.

Base Salary

Base salary for our executives is established and adjusted according to the following criteria: areas of responsibility; experience; company expense objectives; annual rate of inflation; and individual performance. In the middle of 2018, we changed our timing of payments of salary to our employees, which caused a slight reduction of salaries reported in the Summary Compensation Table from 2017 to 2018. Mr. Rand was promoted to Chief Executive Officer effective July 1, 2019, and his base salary increased at that time to $900,000 in connection with the promotion. HisRand’s annualized base salary was increased effective$1,000,000 beginning as of April 1, 2020 by 3% to $927,000. We also provided our other senior executives increases in base salaries in the approximate range of 1.6% to 6.67% effective April 1, 2020.

2022.

Annual Incentive Compensation

In 2013, our stockholders approved the ProAssurance Corporation 2014 Annual Incentive Compensation Plan. The plan is designed to permit annual incentive awards to qualify as performance-based compensation under Internal Revenue Code Section 162(m). Under Section 162(m), no federal income tax deduction was allowed for annual compensation in excess of $1 million paid to the Chief Executive Officer and other executives named in the Summary Compensation Table included in our proxy statement unless the excess compensation was performance-based compensation as defined in the Code and supporting regulations. The performance-based exception to the $1 million limit on the federal income tax deduction was eliminated by Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (TCJA) that was enacted on December 22, 2017, but the TCJA included an exception for awards paid under an agreement entered into on or prior to November 2, 2017. This change did not impact the annual incentive awards for 2017, which awards were paid under the 2014 Annual Incentive Plan. The annual incentive compensation for our Chief Executive Officer as reflected in the Summary Compensation Table was structured to qualify as

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performance-based compensation under Section 162(m). The annual incentive award for our Chief Executive Officer for 20192022 was a cash$1,278,000. This amount was 127.8% of $305,100.

his annualized salary as of year-end 2022, versus target award of 120% of salary. The award was paid in cash.

Our annual incentive compensation program provides significant “at risk” compensation opportunities for our executives and other selected key employees. The “at risk” compensation is paid only if the Company achieves certain predetermined performance targets that are developed as described herein and designed to produce operating results that enhance the value of the organization.

Annual We establish annual incentive award targets, are establishedexpressed as a percentage of base salary, during the first quarter for the current year and are expressed as a percentage of base salary.year. Thus, the annual incentive compensation program assumes a base salary that is competitive in the market. The Compensation Committee establishesestablished target level annual incentive for each of our Named Executive Officers in 2022 as follows:

2022 Annual Incentive Target
OfficerTarget (% of Base Salary)
Chief Executive Officer120%
Chief Financial Officer90%
Executive VP, General Counsel90%
President, Specialty P&C100%
President, Workers’ Comp90%
The payout range for the Chief Executive Officer and all other Named Executive Officers in 2022 ranged from 45% to 180% of target.
2022 Annual Incentive Payout Range
OfficerThreshold (% of Base Salary)Maximum (% of Base Salary)
Chief Executive Officer60%180%
Chief Financial Officer45%135%
Executive VP, General Counsel45%135%
President, Specialty P&C50%150%
President, Workers’ Comp45%135%
We establish performance goals for annual incentive compensation for our executives and other key employees. The Compensation Committee, with the assistance of its compensation consultant, considers whether our performance goals arecontain reasonable in comparison with the performance measures used by the insurance industry and the likelihood that the performance goals may causestretch achievements without incenting executives to assume materialundue risks in order to achieve their performance goals.

The Compensation Committee assigns a weighted percentage for each of the performance goals. Annualgoals, and annual incentive awards are subject to an increase or decrease to the extent actual performance is greater or less than each target performance goal within a defined range of the performance goal as established by the Committee.performance. The Committee uses these weighted performance goals to determine the annual incentive award for the Chief Executive Officer. The Chief Executive Officer, and the CEO in turn recommends annual incentive awards for the other executives pursuant to the weighted performance goals establishedapproved by the Committee. The CEO’s recommendations of the Chief Executive Officerfor executives other than himself are subject to review and modification by the Committee. The Committee determinesconfirms that the goals and incentives are set at levels that are reasonable and consistent with past practice, relate to the sound financial management of ProAssurance, and do not involve unnecessary or excessive risk that would threaten the value of ProAssurance.

We have modified

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Annual incentive metrics for 2022 for our Corporate executives (CEO, CFO and EVP/General Counsel) included the following:
Consolidated Combined Ratio (weighted 40%) — This performance measures for annual incentive compensation in eachgoal is a standard measure of the last three years to address changes in the management of our operating segmentsinsurance operations and to focusfocuses on current challenges in the management of our operating environment, particularly the HCPL Group and Specialty P&C operating segment.

In 2017, the exclusive performance measures for the annual incentive compensation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer were Return on Equity,profitability. The Consolidated Combined Ratio and Gross Written Premium, in each case foris based on the consolidated results of ProAssurance and its consolidated subsidiaries. The annual incentive compensation forsubsidiaries, calculated by adding the President of the HCPL Group used these performance measures forone-half of his annual incentive compensation, and the remainingone-half of his annual incentive compensation was based on performance measures for the HCPL Group. For 2017, we modified the performance criteria for the President of the Eastern Group. For Eastern, we reduced the weight attributed to Eastern’s Combined Ratio to 37.5%, increased the weight attributed to Eastern’s Segregated Portfolio Cell Income to 7.5%, and added Eastern’s Direct Written Premium as a performance measure with percentage weight of 5%.

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A summary of the weighted percentage for each of the 2017 performance criteria and the performance guidelines follows:

   Return
on
Equity
  Consolidated
Combined
Ratio
  Gross
Written
Premium
  Operating
Division
Metrics

Corporate Executives

  15%  70%  15%  N/A

President HCPL Group

  7.5%  35%  7.5%  50%

President Eastern Group

  7.5%  35%  7.5%  50%

Return on Equity — Return on equity (ROE) is a commonly used annual measure that measures profitability of a company by reflecting as a ratio the amount of earnings generated with the stockholders’ equity. We compute ROE by dividing annual net income by the average of beginning and ending stockholders’ equity.

Combined Consolidated Ratio — The combined ratio is included as a performance measure because it is a traditional measure of “bottom line” economic success for a property and casualty insurance company that does not directly equate to forecasting earnings if publicly disclosed. Our combined ratio is the sum of our loss ratio and the expense ratio, based on our GAAP annual income statement.

Gross Written Premium — This includes premiums from all lines of business.

In 2018, we retained the same performance measures and weighted percentages for our corporate executive officers and increased the value of the operating division metrics to 70%. The performance measures and the weighted percentages attributable to each of them for 2018 are shown below:

   Return
on
Equity
  Consolidated
Combined
Ratio
  Gross
Written
Premium
  Operating
Division
Metrics

Corporate Executives

  15%  70%  15%  N/A

President HCPL Group

  4.5%  21%  4.5%  70%

President Eastern Group

  4.5%  21%  4.5%  70%

The performance measures of the HCPL Group and their respective weighted percentages for 2018 are as follows: HCPL Combined Ratio — 38.5%, HCPL New Premiums — 7.7%, HCPL Retention — 11.9%, and HCPL Pricing —11.9%; the performance measures for Eastern Group and their respective weighted percentages are as follows: Eastern Combined Ratio — 52.5%, Eastern Segregated Portfolio Cell Income — 10.5%, and Eastern Direct Written Premium —7%.

For 2019, we created new categories and metrics for our annual incentive compensation. The exclusive performance measures for the annual incentive compensation of our corporate executives were Weighted Combined Ratio,determined in accordance with GAAP.

Non-GAAP Operating Return on Equity Expense Management, and Return (weighted 35%) — Operating ROE is determined using the calculation set forth in the Company’s Annual Report on Lloyd’s Investment, in each case for ProAssurance and its consolidated subsidiaries. The annual incentive compensationForm 10K for the President ofyear ending December 31, 2022, excluding the Workers’ Comp Segment were based these performance measures for 30% of his annual incentive compensation, and the remaining 70% of his annual incentive compensation was based on performance measures for his operating Segment. To induce Mr. Boguski to accept amid-year move from Workers’ Comp to Specialty P&C, which required relocation from Lancaster, Pennsylvania, to Birmingham, Alabama, he received a guaranteed bonus for 2019 that was not based on performance measures. The performance measures and the weighted percentages attributable to the corporate executives and the President of the Workers’ Comp Segment for 2019 are shown below:

   Weighted
Combined
Ratio
  Return
on
Equity
  Expense
Management
  Return on
Lloyd’s
Investment
  Segment
Metrics
 

Corporate Executives

   60  15  15  10  N/A 

President Workers’ Comp

   18  4.5  4.5  3  70% 

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The new 2019 performance measures are described below:

Weighted Combined Ratio — The weighted combined ratio is the average combined ratio of the Specialty P&C and Workers’ Comp Segments weighted according to the written premiums in each Segment.

Expense Management — This performance measure focuses on the expense ratio contribution of corporate expenses. This is calculated as a ratio of Corporate Segment expenses (underwriting, policy acquisition, and operating expenses for the Corporate Segment) to consolidated net earned premium (excluding the Lloyd’s Segment).

Return on Lloyd’s Investment — This measure focuses on achieving an acceptable return on the Company’s capital commitment to the Lloyd’s Segment. This is calculated as a ratioeffect of net income of the Lloyd’s Segment toyear-end Funds At Lloyd’s (FAL) balance.

We established separateinvestment gains and losses.

Individual Performance (weighted 25%) — Under this performance measures for the Workers’ Comp Segment for 2019. The performance measures of the Workers’ Comp Segment and their respective weighted percentagesgoal, executives are as follows: Workers’ Comp Combined Ratio — 49%, Workers’ Comp Segregated Portfolio Cell Income — 10.5%, Workers’ Comp Direct Written Premium 7%, and Workers’ Comp Specialty Risk Premium — 3.5%.

For 2020, we made further changes to the performance measures in recognition of market conditions that include increasing loss severity and associated increases in achievable loss ratio results. We kept Return on Equity and Expense Management as performance goals, but replaced other categories from 2019 with Loss Ratio Improvement and Individual Performance.

   Loss
Ratio
Improvement
  Return
on
Equity
  Expense
Management
  Individual
Performance
  Segment
Metrics
 

Corporate Executives

   30  25  25  20  N/A 

President of Segments

   9  7.5  7.5  6  70% 

The new performance measures are described below:

Loss Ratio Improvement — The loss ratio improvement goal focuses on year-over-year improvement in the consolidated ratio for the operating segments (excluding Lloyd’s).

Individual Performance — Executive officers will be subjectively evaluated on their overall performance, including an assessment of the overall quality of such officer’s performance,efforts, leadership effective,effectiveness, execution on strategic plans, and contribution to the success of the Company.

We established separate performance goals for our Specialty P&C segment and continue This element allows the Committee to use separateperform a holistic assessment of the individual contributions of each executive.

Annual incentive metrics for the Presidents of our operating segments in 2022 included Non-GAAP Operating Return on Equity (weighted 35%), Individual Performance (weighted 25%), and segment-specific metrics (total weight 40%). Metrics for the Specialty Property & Casualty segment included Combined Ratio for the segment (20% weight) and Segment Gross Premium Written (20% weight). For the Workers’ Compensation segment. The Specialty P&C segment usesbusiness (including the followingWorkers’ Compensation Insurance and Segregated Portfolio Cell Reinsurance segments), the metrics and weighted percentages for those metrics:were Combined Ratio (75%); Rate Change (15%); and Gross Written Premium (10%). Thefor Workers’ Compensation segment metrics and weighted percentages are Combined Ratio (85%)Insurance (30% weight) and Segregated Portfolio Cell Income (15%)(10% weight).

1099511671505549755861388

For each performance measure, we establish guidelines in the form ofachievement levels that include a target amount; a threshold amount; and a maximum amount. The Compensation Committee establishes
Achievement of target level performance on each metric would result in payment of the target level annual incentive as a rangepercentage of percentages of base salary for the Chiefeach Named Executive Officer, and eachas previously discussed. Achievement of the executives to be awarded asthreshold level on each measure would result in payment of the threshold annual incentive compensation if the threshold, target or(50% of target), and maximum performance measure is achieved. If the target forachievement on each performance measure is satisfied, then the summetric would result in payment of the weighted percentages for the performance measures will be the “target” percentagemaximum annual incentive (150% of base salary in the below table; if the threshold is satisfied for each performance measure, then the sum of the weighted percentages for the performance measures will be the “threshold” percentage of base salary; and if the maximum is satisfied for each performance measure, then the sum of the weighted percentages for the performance measures will be the “maximum” percentage of base salary.target). We interpolate the percentage assigned to a performance measure if the performance is between the threshold and the target, or between the target and the maximum. Performance below the threshold level for any performance measure results in no percentage

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being attributed tocredit earned for that performance measure;measure, and performance above the maximum level for any performance measure is subject to a cap incapped at 150% of the percentageweight assigned to that measure.

For 2017,

The achieved results under the 2022 Annual Incentive Program for the CEO were as follows:
2022 Annual Incentive Program – CEO
MetricWeightingThreshold
Target(2)
MaximumActual ResultWeighted Achievement
Consolidated Combined Ratio40%110%106%98%105.2%42.0%
Non-GAAP Operating ROE35%1%2%8%1.9%33.3%
Individual Performance25%(1)(1)(1)125.0%31.2%
Total Achievement106.5%
(1) The Compensation Committee determined that the Individual Performance element was satisfied and earned at 125% of the Target level (out of maximum possible 150%) for the CEO and 105% of the Target Level for other Named Executive Officers, as highlighted below.
(2) Target performance levels align with the Company's 2022 operating and financial plans in highly challenging market conditions for medical professional liability and workers' compensation insurance.
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2022 Strategic and Operational Achievements Supporting Individual Performance Awards
Written premiums exceeded $1 billion for the first time, driven by the continued successful integration of the NORCAL acquisition, significant rate gains in our renewed business, and strong customer retention.
We fully reopened our business offices with flexible post-pandemic work schedules for our employees.
We hired a program manager to focus on implementation of our plans related to Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion ("DE&I"), in furtherance of our goal to be the Employer of Choice for our industry.
Continued substantive progress on company-wide DE&I efforts.
Within the operating segments, Specialty Property & Casualty achieved 100.6% of the target level on its consolidated metrics, which constitute 40% of the annual incentive opportunitypayment for the President of that segment, and the Workers’ Compensation line achieved 113.9% of the target level for its consolidated metrics, which constitute 40% of the annual incentive award for the President of that line. The final 2022 annual incentive awards for our CEONamed Executive Officers are summarized below, and other executives was as follows:

   Threshold  Target  Maximum 

CEO

   100  150  200

Corporate Executives (other than CEO)

   60  90  120

President Eastern Group

   60  90  120

President HCPL Group

   60  90  120

For 2018, the target incentive opportunity for our CEO and other officers stayed the same with the exception of our CFO who was promoted to Chief Operating Officer in January 2018. The target incentive opportunity for our Chief Operating Officer / CFO was set at Threshold — 70%, Target — 105%, and Maximum — 140%.

For 2019, the dollar value of those awards appears in the annual incentive compensation opportunities was reducedSummary Compensation Table on page 27 of this proxy statement:

ExecutiveAchieved (% of Target)Target (% of Salary)Earned Award (% of Salary)
Chief Executive Officer106.5%120%127.8%
Chief Financial Officer101.5%90%91.4%
EVP / General Counsel101.5%90%91.4%
President Specialty P&C99.8%100%99.8%
President Workers’ Comp105.1%90%94.6%
Looking ahead to the 2023 Annual Incentive Compensation plan, the Compensation Committee established guidelines that incorporate the metrics depicted in the table on page 23 above. The 2023 Annual Incentive metrics include 2023 Non-GAAP Operating Return on Equity (weighted 35% for our Chief Executive Officer by reducing the percentages of base salaryall NEOs) and Individual Performance (weighted 25% for achievement of performance measures, and the President was assigned the same percentages of salary as the Chief Executive Officer for achieving performance measures to reflect the President’s increased duties as Chief Operating Officer.all NEOs). In addition, the targets for incentive compensation opportunities for other executive officers were modified to reflect the change in duties as a result of recent changes in the corporate management structure. The target incentive opportunities for our CEO and other executives for 2019 are as follows:

   Threshold  Target  Maximum 

CEO

   60  120  180

President / Chief Operating Officer

   60  120  180

Chief Financial Officer

   40  80  120

President Specialty P&C

   *   *   * 

President Workers’ Comp

   40  80  120

*

For 2019, the President of the Specialty P&C Segment received a guaranteed amount of annual incentive compensation, as disclosed under the heading “Summary Compensation Table” on page 34 of this proxy statement.

For 2020, the target incentive opportunitiesfollowing metrics will apply:

Consolidated Combined Ratio (weighted 40% for the CEO, remainedCFO, and EVP/General Counsel)
Line of Business Metrics (weighted 40% for the same, but were modified for all other executives. The Executive Chairman is not eligible for annual incentive compensation. The target amounts are as follows:

   Threshold  Target  Maximum 

CEO

   60  120  180

Chief Financial Officer

   45  90  135

President Specialty P&C

   15  30  45%* 

President Workers’ Comp

   45  90  135

*

The President of the Specialty P&C Segment will receive an additional bonus amount equal to 70% of his base salary.

Presidents of the operating segments)

Long-term Incentive Compensation

Our long-term incentive compensation which currently consistsprogram presently includes grants of performance shares and restricted stock units or RSUs, is intended to align the interests of our executives with the interests of our stockholders by rewarding long-term corporate performance and increases in share value.RSUs. We believe that the performance shares and RSUs align the interests of our executives with those of the stockholders by providing equity compensation

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based on our long-term objective of growth in stockholder value. The Compensation Committee has established award agreements for performance shares and RSUs in accordance with our 2014 Equity Incentive Plan that requires a three-year vesting period. Performance shares are earned if corporate value is enhanced through achievement of performance measures over the three-year vesting period. Further,RSUs promote retention and ownership of executive talent and strengthen alignment between executives and stockholders as the RSUs enhance executive retention asvalue realized by executives will have an incentiveis directly tied to remain employed during the three-year vesting period to obtain the RSUs even if we are not able to meet the long-term performance measures.

stock price performance.

We believe an effective long-term incentive compensation program is necessary to attract and retain well-qualified and experienced executives and other key employees.employees and is a foundational element of our pay for performance philosophy. In establishing the amount of our annual grants of long-termlong- term incentive compensation, we consider past practice, recommendations of the compensation consultant, and the value of the award (including the value attributable to the award for financial reporting purposes). We monitor the level of awards based on the findings of our compensation consultant, and we believe that our long-term incentive opportunities are appropriate when compared to awards made available to executives at our peer companies.

Our practice has been to make long-term incentive grants to our current executives and other key employees at the first meeting of the Compensation Committee in each fiscal year, which is usually held in February after the financial results of the prior year are reasonably certain.released. Where a market price is required, long-term grants are priced on a date after our financial results for the prior year have been released. We believe that pricing the grants at this time is most appropriate because the market is then in possession of our earnings and any other material information. We occasionally make long-term grants at other meetings of the Board of Directors, for example,times, such as when we retain new senior-level executives.

Each RSU is equal to one share of Common Stock and is subject to a restricted period of approximatelytypically three years from the date of grant. RSUs vest after the restricted period if the grantee remains continuously employed with ProAssurance or a subsidiary during the restricted period unless sooner vested upon termination by reason of death, disability, or for good reason.

period. Performance shares are based onpre-established performance criteria that must be achieved over a period of three years. Each executive is grantedgrant includes a target andlevel award along with a threshold award and maximum award expressed as a number of shares of our Common Stock.

Equity Grants Made in 2022. The Committee made grants of long-term equity 2022 with maturity date of December 31, 2024. The aggregate target grant-date value of these awards to each NEO is shown in the Summary Compensation Table on page 27. Performance measures for 2022 grants of performance shares for 2018 and 2019 for our Chief Executive Officer and our other corporate executives are Relative Stock Performance (Total Return) and Consolidated Combined Ratio. A description of these performance measures follows:

Stock Performance (Total Return) — Stock performance is measured by total return in comparison to the SNL Property/Casualty Insurance Index, which is the index we have used to compare our performance to other public insurance companies. If performance is equal to the index, the minimum award is earned; if our stock performance is 10% greater than the index, the target award is achieved; and, if our stock performance is 20% greater than the index, the maximum award is achieved. If our stock performance is less than the index, no performance shares are awarded under this measure.

Consolidated Combined Ratio — The combined ratio measure is determined by using the weighted average of the GAAP consolidated combined ratio of ProAssurance and its subsidiaries for each of the calendar years in the performance period. If the average consolidated combined ratio is not above 96%, the target award is earned; if the average consolidated combined ratio is not more than 100%, then the threshold award is earned; and if the average consolidated combined ratio is not more than 90% (for 2018), and 92% (for 2019) the maximum award is earned.

The performance shares granted to the Presidents of our operating Segments are based on the same corporate-wide performance measures that we use for our Chief Executive Officer and other corporate executives, namely Stock Performance and Consolidated Combined Ratio.

For awards of 2020 performance shares, we eliminated the Consolidated Combined Ratio measure and replaced it with compound annual growth rateCompound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) in book value per share (excluding adjustments for unrealized gains and losses, and further adjusting for stockholder dividends). Each measure contributes 50% to the final achieved award. A description of the two performance measures follows:

Relative Stock Performance (Total Return) — Relative stock performance is measured by relative total return in comparison to the S&P Composite 1500 Property & Casualty Insurance Index. If performance is equal to at least 80% of the index, the threshold credit is achieved; if our stock performance is equal to the index, the target credit is achieved; and, if our stock performance is 20% greater than the index, the maximum credit is achieved.
Compound Annual Growth Rate (In Book Value) — This metric is measured as the compound annual growth rate (“CAGR”) in book value per common share (excluding adjustments for unrealized gains and losses and further adjusting for stockholder dividends) for the three-year measurementperformance period.

30

If the CAGR is at least equal to 4%, the threshold credit is achieved; if the CAGR is equal to 8.5%, the target credit is achieved; and if the CAGR is equal to 13%, the maximum credit is achieved.

24


Performance shares are paid to executives if the Compensation Committee finds that either of the performance measures is metwere satisfied in the measurement period.period and certified by the Compensation Committee. For all years included in the Summary Compensation Table, the minimum award to be paid for threshold performance was 95.4%50% of the target award, and the award to be paid for maximum awardperformance was 125%200% of the target award. In 2016 the Compensation Committee reviewed a summary of the ranges for long term equity awards by companies in our peer group as compiled by TCS and determined that our payout range was narrower than the median for the peer group. Beginning in 2016, threshold award is 50% of the target if the threshold performance measure is achieved, and the maximum award will be 200% of the target if the maximum performance measure is achieved.

If both of the performance measures are achieved, performance shares are awarded based on the better result on the two measures during the performance period. Performance shares for resultsResults falling between the stated measures are interpolated. If an executive terminates employment prior to the expiration of the performance period by reason of retirement or resignation for “good reason” as defined in the award documents, a portion of the performance shares and RSUs granted in the calendar years ending before the termination of employment may be paid based on service during the performance period if the Committee finds that the performance criteria had been satisfied at the end of the year preceding termination of employment. Upon a change of control of ProAssurance or termination by reason of death or disability, performance shares are payable to executives at the target level.

Our grantslevel and RSUs are deemed fully earned. For all years shown in the Summary Compensation Table, the value of long-term incentive compensation in years priorequity awards is allocated approximately one-half to 2018 consisted of approximately two thirds performance shares and one third RSUs with the number of units of each depending upon the executive’s positionone-half to RSUs.

Action Taken on Grants Made in the organization. Our2020. The grants of long-term incentive compensation to most officers or employees other than the Chief Executive Officer, the corporate executives, and the Presidents of our operating Segments now consist entirely of RSUs. Since 2017, we have reduced the number of performance shares and RSUs granted as long term incentive compensationmade to our Chief Executive Officer, the corporate executives, and the Presidents of our operating Segments as compared to the number of the grants of long term incentive compensation in the prior year. The grant date value of performance shares (at target level) and RSUs granted to our CEO and other executives in 2020 is approximately 2% less thanmatured on December 31, 2022. With respect to performance shares, the valueCompensation Committee determined that performance over the three-year measuring period failed to achieve the threshold level for either of the grantstwo metrics applicable to the 2020 awards, Total Shareholder Return for 2020-22 and Compound annual Growth Rate in 2019.

In 2018 we made two changes to our grants of long-term incentive compensation. Instead of granting twoBook Value for 2020-22. Accordingly, the 2020 performance shares were certified to have no value, resulting in loss of $475,000 in target compensation to the CEO and an amount ranging from $125,000 to $212,500 for each RSU, long term compensation for our Chiefother Named Executive Officer, the corporate executives, and the Presidents of our operating Segments will consist of 50% performance shares and 50% RSUs. The reduction in the number of performance shares will allow us to better predict the cost of our long term compensation, and the changes in the tax laws to disallow the deduction for performance based compensation eliminates the tax benefit that we formerly received for the grant of performance shares to our most highly compensated executives. The second change is that the Committee established long term equity award levels based on grant-date dollar value rather than a predetermined number of shares or units. This was also done to improve predictability in the grant date value of our long term equity awards.

Since 2014, long-term incentive compensation awards have been and will be granted under the 2014 Amended and Restated Equity Incentive Compensation Plan. The plan was designed so that options and performance shares granted to executives may qualify as performance-based compensation under Internal Revenue Code Section 162(m). RSUs will not qualify as performance-based compensation under Internal Revenue Code Section 162(m).

Officer.

Stock Ownership Policies

Guidelines

Our Board has adopted stock ownership targets for our directors and executive officers to further align their interests with those of our stockholders. The level of stock ownership for our executives varies by position and their stock ownership targets are as follows: five times base salary for our Chief Executive Officer;Officer and three times base salary for other the Chief Financial Officer, the General Counsel, and Presidents of our operating Segments. Executives are encouraged to achieve compliance with the guidelines within five (5) years of service in a position covered by the guidelines. Unvested equity awards or stock options are not counted as owned shares for purposes of the guidelines. In addition, for awards granted after 2010, our executives must agree in writing to hold shares of our stock issued pursuant to stock-based awards for a minimum of one year from the date of issue.
Anti-Hedging Policy
We adopted an anti-hedging policy in 2011 for our executives and other employees with respect to their ownership of our

31


common stock to comply with the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, and we reviewed this policy to address the transactions identified in Item 407(i) of RegulationS-K for this year’s annual meeting now that the SEC has adopted final rules relating to Item 407(i). Because our existing anti-hedging policy is in line with the requirements in Item 407(i), we did not make any changes to the policy.Act. Our anti-hedging policy is contained in our Code of Ethics and Conduct available on our website, and is as follows: “[n]o employee or member of the Board of Directors is permitted to purchase financial instruments (such as prepaid variable forward contracts, equity swaps, collars, and exchange funds) that are designed to hedge or offset any decrease in the market value of the Company’s common stock that (1) have been granted to the employee or member of the board of directors as part of his or her compensation; or (2) are otherwise held, directly or indirectly, by the employee or member of the Board of Directors.”

Recoupment of Incentive Compensation

Our Board of Directors has established a recoupment requirement (a “clawback”) for incentive compensation as required by the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act. This clawback requires current and former executive officers to repay erroneously awarded incentive compensation to the extent the award is based on financial statements that are required to be restated due to materialnon-compliance with any financial reporting requirement. This clawback is to be applied whether or not there is misconduct and requires a three-year “look back” period. The clawback has been in effect for incentive compensation paid for years beginning after 2010, and we have incorporated the clawback in the 2014 Annual Incentive Plan and the 2014 Amended and Restated Equity Incentive Plan and in all performance share agreements going forward. We intend to monitor clawback requirements that may be implemented by the NYSE ifOn October 26, 2022, the SEC adopts Proposedadopted Rule10D-1 which would, among other things, direct in accordance with the Dodd-Frank Act, directing the national securities exchanges to prohibit theestablish listing of any security of a companystandards that does notrequire issuers to adopt and comply with written clawback policies meeting strict conditions. On February 22, 2023, the SEC’sNYSE published its initial rules in compliance with SEC Rule 10D-1. Once the NYSE adopts its final clawback requirements.

2011 Stock Ownership Plan

On December 1, 2010,rules, our Board of Directors onwill make any necessary changes to the recommendationCompany's existing clawback policy to conform with the NYSE rules. Any such changes will be made within sixty (60) days of the Compensation Committee, adopted a stock purchase plan for employees and directors known as the ProAssurance Corporation Stock Ownership Plan (the “Stock Ownership Plan”).

Matching grants under the Stock Ownership Plan are issued to employees as awards of RSUs under the 2014 Amended and Restated Equity Incentive Plan. Shares purchased under the Stock Ownership Plan and shares issued pursuant to the RSUs awarded as matching grants under the plan will be paid from the shares reserved under the 2014 Amended and Restated Equity Incentive Plan.

In 2017, the Board of Directors terminated the Stock Ownership Plan effective on the later of October 1, 2020 or the date that all grant units held under the plan have been paid or forfeited, under the following terms: participants were allowed to make cash deposits until September 30, 2017; such cash deposits were used to purchase shares on the purchase date immediately following September 30, 2017; the right to participate in the Stock Ownership Plan was suspended on October 1, 2017; and all unvested grant units held under the plan will continue to be held and ultimately paid out in accordance with the termsEffective Date of the plan. We paid the final year of matching grants one year early in October 2019, so there are no unpaid, unvested awards. As a result, the Stock Ownership Plan was deemed terminated effective October 2019.

NYSE rule.

Other Compensation

Executive perquisites are not intended to be a material element of compensation for executives. Our executives participate in our qualified retirement plan on terms generally available to our employees. In addition, we have adopted anon-qualified deferred compensation plan for executives and other highly compensated employees that provides for a matching contribution with respect to deferrals by employees whose base compensation exceeds the compensation limit established by the Internal Revenue Code for qualified retirement plans. The matching contributions are comparable to the employer contributions to our qualified retirement plan within the compensation limits under the Internal Revenue Code.

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Post-termination and Change of Control Compensation

We offer executives severance compensation in the event we terminate the executiveexecutive’s employment without cause or the executive terminates his or her employment for good reason. The severance agreements are intended to aid in recruitment and retention of qualified executives. We believe our severance benefits for executives are appropriate and do not present a risk to our company.

We believe that severance protection, particularly in the context of a change of control transaction, plays a valuable role in attracting and retaining key executives. Although we occasionally elect to engage our senior executives under employment agreements, our general approach has been to avoid employment agreements and to rely on severance agreements to define the terms of severance when an executive is involuntarily terminated without cause or elects to terminate for good reason. In change of control situations, severance agreements provide key executives with a level of comfortsecurity that allows them to devote their energies to the completion of the transaction for the benefit of the stockholders. In other situations, severance agreements facilitate changes in management by providing for a clean departure of terminated executives with apre-negotiated set of benefits that are acceptable to all parties.

We have provided for severance benefits in the employment agreementagreements with Mr. Rand and Mr. Boguski and in severance agreements with other key executives, (includingincluding our other Named Executive Officers, with the exception of our Executive Chairman) in the amounts reflected in the table which begins on page 4533 of this proxy statement. Each arrangement is described briefly below and in detail in “Payments on Termination and Change of Control.”

The termsControl” on page 32 of thethis proxy statement.

25


The severance agreements with our key executives generally provide for severance compensation in an amount equal to the executive’s base salary and average annual incentive compensation from the prior three years if we terminate the executiveexecutive's employment without cause or the executive resigns for good reason. However, an executive will be entitled to twice that amount if the executiveexecutive's employment is terminated without cause or the executive resigns for good reason within two years after the occurrence of a change of control. Thecontrol event. All severance agreements retain theinclude a “double trigger” for the payment of the increased benefits, e.g.such that (1) a change of control must occur, and (2) the executive must be terminated without cause or must terminate for good reason after the change of control. The employment agreements with Mr. Rand’s employment agreement providesRand and Mr. Boguski provide for different severance compensation payments, a description of which is included under the caption “Employment and Severance Agreements” beginning on page 42.31. All executives are required to sign a general release of claims as a condition to thefor receipt of severance benefits, and all the agreements include a covenant not to compete with our insurance subsidiaries for a period of not less than one year. Severance compensation is paid in monthly installments during the life of the covenant and is subject to forfeiture upon a breach of the covenant.

In accordance with the

Our Board adopted resolutions regarding executive compensation adopted by the Board in December 2010 under which we dowill not plan to execute a new agreement with an executive officeragreement that includes agross-up for the excise tax imposed by Internal Revenue Code Sections 280G and 4999 or that includes an obligation to reimburse executive officers for such excise tax, nor do we plan to execute a new agreement with an executive officer that includes any “single trigger” change of control features similar to a lump sum cash payment payable upon the occurrence of only a change of control of ProAssurance.tax. The Board’s action does not change, alter, or amend any employment agreement or otherseverance agreement with an executive officer that was in effect prior to December 1, 2010.

As One of our Named Executive Officers, who is not the CEO, has a result ofseverance agreement dated January 1, 2008 that includes apre-existing agreements, we are currently required to reimburse certain executives for the excise tax that is payable by the executives if the severance benefits paid after a change of control are deemed to be “excess parachute payments” under Internal Revenue Code Section 280G. Although the severance benefits payable after a change of control for our executives are substantially below the threshold of three times annual compensation, the calculation of severance benefits for purposes of Internal Revenue Code Section 280G includes the value of benefits accelerated on a change of control under other compensation arrangements. The Retention and Severance Compensation agreements executed since 2010, including those executed in connection with the acquisition of Eastern, do not include either an obligation to reimburse the executives for the

33

gross-up.

26

excise tax under Internal Revenue Code Sections 280G and 4999 or a “single trigger” for severance compensation on a change of control.


Report of the Compensation Committee

The Compensation Committee has reviewed and discussed the above Compensation Discussion and Analysis with our management, and based on such review and discussions, the Compensation Committee recommended to the Board of Directors that the Compensation Discussion and Analysis be included in this proxy statement.

Compensation Committee:

Robert E. Flowers,

Maye Head Frei, Chair
Ziad R. Haydar, M.D., Chairman

Bruce D. Angiolillo, J.D.

Thomas A. S. Wilson, Jr., M.D.

April 6, 2020

Scott C. Syphax
March 31, 2023
Compensation of Executive Officers

The following table sets forth a summary of the compensation paid or accrued by ProAssurance and its subsidiaries during the last fiscal year with respect to ProAssurance’s principal executive officer, principal financial officer and the three other most highly compensated persons considered to be executive officers or their equivalent. The individuals required to be included in the table are referred to as the “Named Executive Officers.”

SUMMARY COMPENSATION TABLE

Name and Principal

Position                      

YearSalary(2)
($)
Bonus
($)
Stock
Awards
(4)(5)(6)
($)
Option
Awards
($)
Non-Equity
Incentive Plan
Compensation(7)
($)
Change in
Pension
Value and
Nonqualified
Deferred
Compensation
Earnings
($)
All Other
Compensation(8)
($)
Total
($)

Edward L. Rand, Jr.

    Chief Executive Officer and President(1)


2019

2018

2017



827,308

627,003

580,562



—  

—  

—  



2,499,965

375,000

561,632



—  

—  

—  



305,100

447,750

524,866



—  

—  

—  



106,055

83,713

68,853



3,738,428

1,533,466

1,735,913


Dana S. Hendricks

    Chief Financial Officer, Treasurer and Executive Vice President


2019

2018

2017



369,231

273,463

239,141



—  

—  

—  



149,978

60,457

83,842



—  

—  

—  



84,750

102,595

98,280



—  

—  

—  



154,612

47,511

27,377



758,571

484,025

448,639


W. Stancil Starnes

    Executive Chairman(1)


2019

2018

2017



983,860

954,898

964,025



—  

—  

—  



499,972

749,998

1,118,282



—  

—  

—  



164,775

292,768

1,452,248



—  

—  

—  



165,734

118,057

144,890



1,814,341

2,115,721

3,679,445


Michael L. Boguski

    President, Specialty P&C


2019

2018

2017



558,722

458,594

462,977



615,000

—  

—  

(3)


1,399,973

375,000

561,632



—  

—  

—  



—  

419,000

444,872



—  

—  

—  



489,707

263,170

561,807



3,063,402

1,515,764

2,031,288


Kevin M. Shook

    President, Workers’ Compensation Insurance


2019

2018

2017



400,144

385,168

375,000



—  

—  

—  



374,990

124,968

103,942



—  

—  

—  



260,760

322,106

322,266



—  

—  

—  



153,024

152,714

282,540



1,188,919

984,957

1,083,788


(1)

Management directors of ProAssurance do not receive any additional compensation, whether cash, stock or otherwise, in their capacity as directors. Mr. Starnes’ salary for 2019 reflects the portion he received under his employment agreement as our chief executive officer until June 30, 2019 (which agreement was terminated), and the amount he received for the remainder of 2019 as Executive Chairman (for which he has no employment agreement).

34

Name and Principal PositionYearSalary
($)
Bonus(2)
($)
Stock Awards(3)(4)
($)
Option Awards ($)
Non-Equity Incentive Plan Compensation(5)
($)
Change in Pension Value and Nonqualified Deferred Compensation Earnings
($)
All Other Compensation(6)
($)
Total
($)
Edward L. Rand, Jr.2022987,4992,000,0001,278,000101,6334,367,132
Chief Executive Officer and President(1)
2021937,696949,9981,182,71879,1633,149,575
2020920,769950,000528,39091,5662,490,725
Dana S. Hendricks2022471,385450,000433,91345,1851,400,483
Chief Financial Officer, Treasurer and Executive Vice President2021421,53950,000349,977363,05140,8401,225,407
2020394,231250,024171,20040,408855,863
Jeffrey P. Lisenby2022508,063450,000465,88539,3111,463,259
Executive Vice President, Corporate Secretary and General Counsel2021456,54950,000399,981389,88835,5191,331,937
2020441,346399,986190,99546,8081,079,135
Michael L. Boguski2022707,092500,000708,22548,2581,963,575
President, Specialty P&C2021632,212367,188424,983353,94945,7581,824,090
2020622,693437,500424,97046,87568,4551,600,493
Kevin M. Shook2022463,609450,000439,63445,6161,398,859
President, Workers’ Compensation Insurance2021427,375399,981400,42741,1321,268,915
2020419,615399,986348,56248,4451,216,608
(1)Management directors of ProAssurance do not receive any additional compensation, whether cash, stock or otherwise, in their capacity as directors.
(2)Mr. Boguski received contractual bonus payments in 2020 and 2021 pursuant to the agreement we executed with him effective May 13, 2019, as described under the caption “Employment and Severance Agreements” on page 31 of this proxy statement. In addition, Mr. Boguski, Ms. Hendricks, and Mr. Lisenby each received a discretionary bonus of $50,000 in 2021 for their outstanding efforts and leadership related to the NORCAL transaction.
(3)The performance shares are treated as stock awards in the Summary Compensation Table. The performance shares are earned if defined metrics are achieved during the period ending three years after the award is granted, except that performance shares are payable at the target level upon the participant’s death or disability and are payable upon the participant’s retirement or termination for good reason after the year of grant if the performance level has been achieved for the last year prior to the participant’s termination with such award to be prorated based on the time the participant is employed during the performance period. The value of performance shares represents the value of the target which is intended to reflect shares expected to be earned based on their closing market price on the date of the award ($24.77 on February 22, 2022; $24.61 on February 23, 2021; and $32.70 on February 21, 2020) as follows: Mr. Rand — $1,000,000 in 2022; $475,000 in 2021; and $475,000 in 2020; Ms. Hendricks — $225,000 in 2022; $175,000 in 2021; and $125,012 in 2020; Mr. Lisenby — $225,000 in 2022; $200,000 in 2021; and $199,993 in 2020; Mr. Boguski — $250,000 in 2022; $212,500 in 2021; and $212,485 in 2020; Mr. Shook — $225,000 in 2022; $200,000 in 2021; and $199,993 in 2020. The amounts do not correspond to actual value that will be realized by the Named Executive Officers, which depends on the achievement of the specified performance criteria over the performance period and the market value of a share of ProAssurance Common Stock at the end of the performance period. The performance criteria are discussed beginning on page 22 in the Compensation Discussion and Analysis.
(4)RSUs granted as long-term incentive compensation are also included as stock awards in the Summary Compensation Table. Each RSU is equal in value to one share of Common Stock and will vest upon the sooner of three years of continuous employment or termination of employment by reason of death or disability or for good reason. The value of the RSUs granted as long term incentive compensation are based on the value of a share of our Common Stock on the date of the award ($24.77 on February 22, 2022; $24.61 on February 23, 2021; and $32.70 on February 21, 2020) as follows for Mr. Rand — $1,000,000 in 2022; $474,998 in 2021; and $475,000 in 2020; Ms. Hendricks — $225,000 in 2022; $174,977 in
27

(2)

The dollar amount of annual base salaries for 2018 was lower than the dollar amount in 2017 due to amid-year change in payroll procedures, not as a result of salary reductions, as explained in “Executive Compensation — Base Salary.”

(3)

Mr. Boguski received a guaranteed bonus payment in 2019 pursuant to the new agreement we executed with him effective May 13, 2019, as described under the caption “Employment and Severance Agreements” on page 42 of this proxy statement.

(4)

The matching RSUs granted under the 2011 Stock Ownership Plan are treated as stock awards in the Summary Compensation Table and the dollar value corresponds to the price of shares of stock underlying the RSUs on date of grant. The 2011 Stock Ownership Plan allowed employees and directors to elect to make payroll deductions to purchase our Common Stock in an amount not to exceed $5,000 in a twelve month period ending September 30 in each year. The participant is granted one RSU for each share purchased with the participant’s contributions. RSUs are equal in value to one share of Common Stock and will vest upon the sooner of three years continuous employment or termination of employment by reason of death or disability or for good reason. The value of each RSU granted under the 2011 Stock Ownership Plan reflects the value of one share of Common Stock on date of grant. In connection with their share purchases under the 2011 Stock Ownership Plan, Messrs. Rand, Starnes and Boguski each received grants valued at $4,982 in 2017 representing 90 RSUs at a price of $55.35 per share on October 5, 2017. The 2011 Stock Ownership Plan was terminated in 2017.

(5)

The performance shares are treated as stock awards in the Summary Compensation Table. The performance shares granted are earned if one of the two criteria is achieved during the period ending three years after the award is granted, except that performance shares are payable at the target level upon the participant’s death or disability and are payable upon the participant’s retirement or termination for good reason after the year of grant if the performance level has been achieved for the last year prior to the participant’s termination with such award to be prorated based on the time the participant is employed during the performance period. The value of performance shares represents the value of the target which is intended to reflect shares expected to be earned based on their closing market price on the date of the award ($43.70 on February 22, 2019; $48.25 on February 22, 2018; and $61.85 on February 23, 2017) as follows: Mr. Starnes — N/A in 2019; $375,000 in 2018; and $1,113,300 in 2017; Mr. Rand — $250,000 in 2019; $187,500 in 2018; and $371,100 in 2017; Mr. Boguski — $200,000 in 2019; $187,500 in 2018; and $371,100 in 2017; Ms. Hendricks — $75,000 in 2019; and Mr. Shook — $137,500 in 2019. Neither Ms. Hendricks nor Mr. Shook received performance shares in 2018 or 2017. The amounts do not correspond to actual value that will be recognized by the Named Executive Officers, which depends on the achievement of the specified performance criteria over the performance period and the market value of a share of ProAssurance Common Stock at the end of the performance period. The performance criteria are discussed beginning on page 26 in the Compensation Discussion and Analysis.

(6)

RSUs granted as long-term incentive compensation are also included as stock awards in the Summary Compensation Table. Each RSU is equal in value to one share of Common Stock and will vest upon the sooner of three years of continuous employment or termination of employment by reason of death or disability or for good reason. The value of the RSUs granted as long term incentive compensation are based on the value of a share of our Common Stock on the date of the award ($43.70 on February 22, 2019; $48.25 on February 22, 2018; and $61.85 on February 23, 2017) as follows for Mr. Starnes — N/A in 2019 and $375,000 in 2018; Mr. Rand — $250,000 in 2019; $187,500 in 2018; and $185,550 in 2017; Mr. Boguski — $1,200,000 in 2019; $187,500 in 2018; and 185,550 in 2017; Ms. Hendricks — $75,000 in 2019; $60,457 in 2018; and $78,859 in 2017; and Mr. Shook — $237,500 in 2019; $125,000 in 2018; and $99,000 in 2017. The amounts do not correspond to actual value that will be recognized by the Named Executive Officers which depends on the market price of a share of Common Stock at the end of the vesting period.

(7)

TheNon-Equity Incentive Plan Compensation reflects the amount paid under the ProAssurance Corporation Annual Incentive Award Guidelines for 2019, 2018, and 2017. Thenon-equity incentive plan

35



compensation payable to Named Executive Officers is denominated in dollars and is payable in cash and Common Stock. Awards of annual incentive compensation for a year are made in the first quarter of the following year after the financial information for the preceding year is available. The shares of Common Stock awarded for 2019, 2018, and 2017, were issued as stock awards under the ProAssurance Corporation 2014 Amended and Restated Equity Incentive Plan and are valued at the closing price of a share on the NYSE — $32.70 on February 21, 2020; $43.70 on February 22, 2019; and $48.25 on February 22, 2018. None of the Named Executive Officers received any shares of Common Stock under thenon-equity incentive plan for 2019, 2018 or 2017.

(8)

Other compensation in 2019 includes the amounts set forth in the following table:

  Qualified
Retirement Plan
($)
  Nonqualified Deferred
Compensation Plan
($)
  Bonus and
Service Awards
($)
  Perquisites
($)
 

Edward L. Rand, Jr.

  28,000   26,000   —     52,055 

Dana S. Hendricks

  28,000   —     —     126,612 

W. Stancil Starnes

  28,000   70,386   —     67,348 

Michael L. Boguski

  28,000   19,812   200,000  241,895 

Kevin M. Shook

  28,000   8,060   100,000   16,964 

2021; and $125,012 in 2020; Mr. Lisenby — $225,000 in 2022; $199,981 in 2021; and $199,993 in 2020; Mr. Boguski — $250,000 in 2022; $212,483 in 2021; and $212,485 in 2020; and Mr. Shook — $225,000 in 2022; $199,981 in 2021; and $199,993 in 2020; . The amounts do not correspond to actual value that will be recognized by the Named Executive Officers which depends on the market price of a share of Common Stock at the end of the vesting period.

(5)The Non-Equity Incentive Plan Compensation reflects the amount paid under the ProAssurance Corporation Annual Incentive Award Guidelines for 2022, 2021, and 2020. The non-equity incentive plan compensation payable to Named Executive Officers is denominated in dollars and is payable in cash and Common Stock. Awards of annual incentive compensation for a year are made in the first quarter of the following year after the financial information for the preceding year is available. The shares of Common Stock awarded for 2022, 2021, and 2020 were issued as stock awards under the ProAssurance Corporation 2014 Amended and Restated Equity Incentive Plan and are valued at the closing price of a share on the NYSE — $24.77 on February 22, 2022; $24.61 on February 23, 2021; and $32.70 on February 21, 2020. In 2020, Mr. Shook received 3,125 shares, Ms. Hendricks received 2,086 shares, and Mr. Rand received 21,470 shares. In 2021, Ms. Hendricks received 4,273 shares. In 2022, Ms. Hendricks received 7,541 shares.
(6)Other compensation in 2022 includes the amounts set forth in the following table:

Qualified Retirement PlanNonqualified Deferred Compensation PlanBonus and Service Awards

Perquisites
($)($)($)($)
Edward L. Rand, Jr.$15,250 $34,125 $52,258
Dana S. Hendricks$15,250 $7,500 $22,435
Jeffrey P. Lisenby$15,250 $10,153 $13,908
Michael L. Boguski$15,250 $20,105 $12,903
Kevin M. Shook$15,250 $7,930 $22,435
The perquisites for Mr. Starnes and Mr. Rand include $55,192 and $35,091, respectively,includes $29,822 for personal use of the corporate aircraft as the aggregate incremental cost for their personal use. The compensation attributable to personal use was computed by multiplying the number of hours the airplane was used for each executive’s personal benefit by the amount of the variable expenses incurred in the use of the airplane per flight hour.
The variable expenses per flight hour were calculated by dividing the total flight hours during each year into the sum of the variable expenses incurred (e.g., fuel, airport charges, travel and lodging expense for the crew during such year).

The other compensation for Mr. Boguski and Mr. Shook includes $200,000 and $100,000, which consisted of the third and final year of payment of each executive’s noncompetition payout pursuant to retention agreements we entered into when we acquired Eastern in 2014. The terms of each executive’s agreement are described under the caption “Employment and Severance Agreements” on page 42 of this proxy statement.

GRANTS OF PLAN-BASED AWARDS

Name

    Estimated Possible Payouts
UnderNon-Equity Incentive
Plan Awards(2)
  Estimated Future Payments
Under Equity Incentive
Plan Awards(3)
  All Other
Stock
Awards;
Number of
Shares of
Stock
or Units(4)
(#)
  All Other
Option

Awards:
Number of
Securities
Underlying
Options (#)
  Exercise
or Base
Price of
Option
Awards
($/Sh)
  Grant
Date
Fair
Value
of Stock
and
Option
Awards
($)
 
 Grant
Date(1)
  Threshold
($)
  Target
($)
  Maximum
($)
  Threshold
(#)
  Target
(#)
  Maximum
(#)
 

Edward L. Rand, Jr.

  

2/22/19

2/22/19

2/22/19

 

 

 

  

—  

—  

—  

 

 

 

  

—  

—  

—  

 

 

 

  

305,100

—  

—  

 

 

 

  

—  

2,860

—  

 

 

 

  

—  

5,720

—  

 

 

 

  

—  

11,440

—  

 

 

 

  

—  

—  

5,721

 

 

 

  

—  

—  

—  

 

 

 

  

—  

—  

—  

 

 

 

  

—  

249,964

250,008

 

 

 

  7/1/19   —     —     —     —     —     —     55,127   —     —     1,999,993 

Dana S. Hendricks

  

2/22/19

2/22/19

2/22/19

 

 

 

  

—  

—  

—  

 

 

 

  

—  

—  

—  

 

 

 

  

84,750

—  

—  

 

 

 

  

—  

858

—  

 

 

 

  

—  

1,716

—  

 

 

 

  

—  

3,432

—  

 

 

 

  

—  

—  

1,716

 

 

 

  

—  

—  

—  

 

 

 

  

—  

—  

—  

 

 

 

  

—  

74,989

74,989

 

 

 

W. Stancil Starnes

  

2/22/19

2/22/19

2/22/19

 

 

 

  

—  

—  

—  

 

 

 

  

—  

—  

—  

 

 

 

  

164,775

—  

—  

 

 

 

  

—  

2,860

—  

 

 

 

  

—  

5,720

—  

 

 

 

  

—  

11,440

—  

 

 

 

  

—  

—  

5,721

 

 

 

  

—  

—  

—  

 

 

 

  

—  

—  

—  

 

 

 

  

—  

249,964

250,008

 

 

 

Michael L. Boguski

  

2/22/19

2/22/19

2/22/19

 

 

 

  

—  

—  

—  

 

 

 

  

—  

—  

—  

 

 

 

  

615,000

—  

—  

 

 

 

  

—  

2,288

—  

 

 

 

  

—  

4,576

—  

 

 

 

  

—  

9,152

—  

 

 

 

  

—  

—  

27,460

 

 

 

  

—  

—  

—  

 

 

 

  

—  

—  

—  

 

 

 

  

—  

199,971

1,200,002

 

 

 

Kevin M. Shook

  

2/22/19

2/22/19

2/22/19

 

 

 

  

—  

—  

—  

 

 

 

  

—  

—  

—  

 

 

 

  

260,760

—  

—  

 

 

 

  

—  

1,573

—  

 

 

 

  

—  

3,146

—  

 

 

 

  

—  

6,292

—  

 

 

 

  

—  

—  

5,435

 

 

 

  

—  

—  

—  

 

 

 

  

—  

—  

—  

 

 

 

  

—  

137,480

237,510

 

 

 

36


(1)

All awards were recommended by the Compensation Committee at its meeting on February 21, 2019, with a specified valuation date of February 22, 2019 (the date on which the window for the trading in ProAssurance common stock opened after the prioryear-end earnings were released). As required by the Compensation Committee Charter, the independent directors approved the recommendation for the awards granted to the Chief Executive Officer at the meeting of the Board of Directors on March 6, 2019, and the Board of Directors also approved the recommendations for the awards granted to the other Named Executive Officers.

(2)

Estimated Possible Payouts Under Non-Equity Incentive Plan Awards(2)
Estimated Future Payments Under Equity Incentive Plan Awards(3)
All Other Stock Awards; Number of Shares of Stock or Units(4)
(#)
All Other Option Awards; Number of Securities Underlying Options (#)Exercise or Base Price of Option Awards ($/Sh)Grant Date Fair Value of Stock and Option Awards ($)
Name
Grant Date(1)
Threshold ($)Target
 ($)
Maximum ($)Threshold
(#)
Target
 (#)
Maximum
(#)
Edward L. Rand, Jr.2/22/20221,278,000— 
2/22/202220,18640,37180,7431,000,000 
2/22/202240,3711,000,000 
Dana S. Hendricks2/22/2022433,913— 
2/22/20224,5429,08418,167225,000 
2/22/20229,084225,000 
Jeffrey P. Lisenby2/22/2022465,885— 
2/22/20224,5429,08418,167225,000 
2/22/20229,084225,000 
Michael L. Boguski2/22/2022708,225— 
2/22/20225,04610,09320,186250,000 
2/22/202210,093250,000 
Kevin M. Shook2/22/2022439,634— 
2/22/20224,5429,08418,167225,000 
2/22/20229,084225,000 

(1)All awards were recommended by the Compensation Committee at its meeting on February 16, 2022, with a specified valuation date of February 22, 2022 (the date on which the window for the trading in ProAssurance common stock opened after the prior year-end earnings were released). As required by the Compensation Committee Charter, the independent directors approved the recommendation for the awards granted to the Chief Executive Officer at the meeting of the Board of Directors on March 2, 2022, and the Board of Directors also approved the recommendations for the awards granted to the other Named Executive Officers.
(2)The amount reported represents the actual amounts paid to the Named Executive Officers for annual incentive compensation for 2019. The Compensation Committee uses certain performance criteria as a guideline in making its recommendations for annual incentive compensation. Each element of the performance criteria has a minimum achievement level. No incentive compensation is payable with respect to a performance criteria if a minimum is not achieved. Thenon-equity incentive plan awards are discussed in more detail in the following discussion.

(3)

The awards of performance shares are subject to the satisfaction of performance criteria and the grant date fair value of performance shares reflects the value of the shares expected to be earned if the performance criteria for the target level is met. The performance share awards are discussed in more detail in the following discussion.

(4)

The stock awards include RSUs granted as long term incentive compensation, and are discussed in more detail in the following discussion. Mr. Rand received stock awards pursuant to his employment agreement when he became our CEO, which awards were approved by the independent directors.

We have awarded equity compensation to our Named Executive Officers underfor annual incentive compensation for 2022. The Compensation Committee uses certain performance criteria as a guideline in making its recommendations for annual incentive compensation. Each element of the performance criteria has a minimum achievement level. No incentive compensation is payable with respect to an individual performance criteria if a minimum is not achieved. The non-equity incentive plan awards are discussed in more detail in the following equitydiscussion.

28


(3)The awards of performance shares are subject to the satisfaction of performance criteria and the grant date fair value of performance shares reflects the value of the shares expected to be earned if the performance criteria for the target level is met. The performance share awards are discussed in more detail in the following discussion.
(4)The stock awards include RSUs granted as long term incentive compensation, plans.

and are discussed in more detail in the following discussion. Mr. Rand received stock awards pursuant to his employment agreement when he became our CEO, which awards were approved by the independent directors.

On May 22, 2013, our stockholders approved the 2014 Amended and Restated Equity Incentive Plan (the “2014 Equity Incentive Plan”). The 2014 Equity Incentive Plan was designed to further our long-term growth profitability by offering proprietary interests in the Company to those key officers, employees, consultants and directors who will be largely responsible for such growth, and to enhance our ability to retain such persons through long-term incentive compensation in the form of proprietary interests in ProAssurance. The 2014 Equity Incentive Plan reserves 3,000,000 shares of Common Stock for equity based awards granted under the plan. No participant may receive awards for more than 200,000 shares of our Common Stock (or their equivalent) in any year under the 2014 Equity Incentive Plan. The performance shares and RSUs that vested in 2017, 20182020, 2021 and 20192022 were granted under the 2014 Equity Incentive Plan.

On December 1, 2010, the Board of Directors, on the recommendation of the Compensation Committee, adopted the 2011 Stock Ownership Plan. More information about the 2011 Stock Ownership Plan is described above in this proxy statement in Note 2 to the Summary Compensation Table. The Board of Directors terminated the 2011 Stock Ownership Plan after giving effect to purchases and grants made in October 2017. Outstanding RSUs granted under the plan are subject to vesting or forfeiture in accordance with their terms.

Non-equity Incentive Plan Awards.TheNon-equity Incentive Plan Awards reflect the right to receive incentive compensation for 20192022 under the guidelines recommended by the Compensation Committee under the ProAssurance Corporation 2014 Annual Incentive Compensation Plan and ratified by the Board of Directors at its meeting in March 2019.2022. The target for annual incentive awards is expressed as a percentage of base salary and is earned if performance measures established by the Compensation Committee are achieved. The Compensation Committee assigns a target amount for each performance measure as well as a threshold amount and a maximum amount. Each performance measure is assigned a percentage share of the annual incentive compensation. If the target is satisfied, 100% of the weighted percentage attributable to the performance measure is assigned to that measure. Performance below the threshold for any performance measure results in no percentage being attributed to that performance measure; and performance above the maximum for any performance measure is subject to a cap in the percentage assigned to that measure. We interpolate the percentage assigned to a performance measure

37


if the performance is between the threshold and the target, or between the target and the maximum. The performance measures for Mr. Starnes,Rand, Ms. Hendricks, and Mr. Rand and Ms. HendricksLisenby are based exclusively on corporate-wide performance. For Mr. Boguski and Mr. Shook, 30%60% of their performance measures are based on corporate wide performance with the remaining 70%40% being based on performance measures relating to their respective operating division, the Specialty P&C in the case of Mr. Boguski and Workers’ Compensation in the case of Mr. Shook. The targets for annual incentive compensation for each of the Named Executive Officers for 20192022 and the performance measures and their assigned percentages are described under “Executive Compensation — Annual—Annual Incentive Compensation” beginning on page 2522 of this proxy statement. The threshold, target and maximum goals for each of the performance criteria in 20192022 and the credit given for each of the corporate performance criteria are set forth below.

      Performance Credit 

Performance Criteria

 2019
Threshold
 2019
Target
 2019
Maximum
 2019
Actual
 2019
Target
Percentage(1)
  2019
Weighted
Percentage(2)
 

Return on Equity

 3.5% 5.4% 9.0% -3.9%  15%   0% 

Weighted Combined Ratio

 Not above 100% 95.9% 91.8% 120.9%  60%   0% 

Expense Management

 3.4% 3.1% 2.8% 2.5%  25%   35% 

Specialty P&C

      

Combined Ratio

 Not above 100% 96.0% 90.0% 130.8%  N/A   N/A 

Expense Ratio

 0.5pts 1.25pts 2.0pts +1.5%  N/A   N/A 

Gross Written Premium

 $545 million $565 million $590 million $577.7  N/A   N/A 

Eastern

      

Combined Ratio

 Not above 100% 95.9% 85.9% 92.3%  70%   82.6% 

SPC Income

 $1.7 million $3.0 million $4.2 million $2.2 million  15%   10.2% 

Direct Written Premium

 $267.5 million $283.5 million $295.3 million $273.5 million  10%   5.8% 

Direct WrittenPremium-ESR

 $7.0 million $9.5 million $12.0 million $7.5 million  5%   3.0% 

(1)

The target percentages for Return on Equity, Weighted Combined Ratio and Expense Management are applicable to Mr. Rand, Ms. Hendricks and Mr. Starnes. Mr. Boguski as President of Specialty P&C and Mr. Shook as President of Workers’ Compensation are entitled to 30% of the targeted percentages for these performance measures because 70% of their annual incentive compensation is based on the target percentages for the performance measure of their respective operating divisions. The targeted percentage for Specialty P&C is N/A for 2019 because Mr. Boguski’s bonus for 2019 was guaranteed at 100% of his base salary.

(2)

The total weighted percentages of the performance measures for each of the Named Executive Officers was as follows: Mr. Rand — 35%; Ms. Hendricks — 35%; Mr. Starnes — 35%; Mr. Boguski — 35% for corporate measures and 12% for Specialty P&C measures; Mr. Shook— 35% for corporate measures and 101.5% for Eastern measures. The weighted percentage for Specialty P&C is N/A for 2019 because Mr. Boguski’s bonus for 2019 was guaranteed at 100% of his base salary.

PerformanceCredit

Performance Criteria

2022
Threshold

2022
Target

2022
Maximum

2022
Actual
2022
Target Percentage(1)
2022
Achieved Percentage(2)
Non-GAAP Operating Return on Equity1.0 %2.0 %8.0 %1.9 %35 %33.3 %
Consolidated Combined Ratio110 %106 %98 %105.2 %40 %42.0 %
Individual Performance (CEO)(3)
— %— %— %125 %25 %31.2 %
Individual Performance (other NEOs)(3)
— %— %— %105 %25 %26.2 %
Specialty P&C
Combined Ratio110 %106 %98 %106.4%(4)20 %
19.0%(5)
Gross Written Premium$780.0 M$821.5 M$860.0 M$826.3 M(4)20 %21.2 %
Workers’ Compensation
Combined Ratio103 %98 %88 %96.8 %(6)30 %
31.8%(7)
SPC Income$1.1 M$2.0 M$2.8 M$2.4 M10 %12.4 %
(1)The target percentage for Non-GAAP Operating Return on Equity is applicable to all NEOs, and 25% of the annual incentive award for all NEOs was determined based on an Individual Performance metric. The Specialty P&C metrics and targets apply only to Mr. Boguski, and the Workers’ Compensation metrics and targets apply only to Mr. Shook.
(2)The total weighted percentages of the performance measures for each of the Named Executive Officers was as follows: Mr. Rand — 106.5% ; Mr. Lisenby — 101.5%; Ms. Hendricks — 101.5%; Mr. Boguski — 99.8%; Mr. Shook — 105.1%.
(3)For this criteria, the Named Executive Officers are evaluated by the Compensation Committee based on several factors as discussed in the Compensation Discussion and Analysis beginning on page 22 of this proxy statement.
(4)The Specialty P&C Line-of-Business Metrics exclude the effects of certain non-operational items.
(5)The total weighted percentage for Specialty P&C Line-of-Business Metrics was 100.6%. This was 40% of the annual incentive for the Specialty P&C President, resulting in final achieved percentage of 40.24%.
(6)The combined ratio for the Workers' Comp Line-of-Business Metric excludes intangible asset amortization and the corporate management fee.
(7)The total weighted percentage for Workers Comp Line-of-Business Metrics was 113.9%. This was 40% of the annual incentive for the Workers’ Compensation President, resulting in final achieved percentage of 45.55%.
29


The annual incentive compensation paid to the Named Executive Officers in 20202023 for 20192022 is reflected in the Summary Compensation Table. The annual incentive compensation comprised the following percentages of base salary as of the end of 2022 of the Named Executive Officers: Mr. Rand — 33.9%127.8%; Mr. Lisenby — 91.35%; Ms. Hendricks — 22.6%; Mr. Starnes — 16.9%91.35%; Mr. Boguski — 100.0%99.8%; Mr. Shook— 63.6%Shook — 94.6%. We used the shares of Common Stock reserved for issuance under our 2014 Equity Incentive Plan to fund the stock portion of our annual incentive payments.

The Annual Incentives Awards were paid in cash, except that Ms. Hendricks received 7,541 shares.

Equity Incentive Plan Awards. The Compensation Committee has granted performance shares to the Named Executive Officers and our senior executives. The performance shares are included in the Grants of Plan-Based Awards table as Estimated Future Payments under “Equity Incentive Plan Awards.”

A performance share is the equivalent of one share of Common Stock which becomes vested andnon-forfeitable upon the attainment of performance objectives established by the Compensation Committee. The Compensation Committee establishes the performance objectives and the length of the performance period to attain such objectives at the time a performance share is awarded. The Compensation Committee may prescribe different conditions for different participants, but the performance objectives for performance shares awarded to a participant must relate to at

38


least one of the objective criteria listed in the plan. Such criteria may be based on the performance of ProAssurance or a subsidiary or a business Segment (either alone or on a comparative basis relative to other companies). The Compensation Committee determines whether the performance objectives for performance shares have been attained at the end of each participant’s performance period, or if one or more interim periods are authorized by the Compensation Committee, at the end of an interim period within the relevant performance period. If the Compensation Committee determines that such performance objectives have been obtained, the participant will be entitled to receive payment for each performance share in an amount equal to the value of one share of our Common Stock on the date of payment. In 2019,2022, the Board of Directors, on the recommendation of the Compensation Committee, granted performance shares to the Named Executive Officers. The performance criteria are described in the discussion under “Executive Compensation — Long-term Incentive Compensation” on page 2924 of this proxy statement. The performance shares are payable if any of the performance criteria are met during the three year period ending December 31, 2021,2024, except that performance shares are payable at the target level upon the participant’s death or disability and are payable upon the participant’s retirement or termination for good reason after the year of grant if the performance level has been achieved for the last year prior to the participant’s termination with such award to be prorated based on the time the participant is employed during the performance period.

All Other Stock Awards.The shares reflected in the table under All Other Stock Awards include RSUs that are granted as matching grants under the 2011 Stock Ownership Plan and that are granted as a component of long term incentive compensation. As described in the discussion under “Executive Compensation — Long-term Incentive Compensation,” in 2022, the Board of Directors, on the recommendation of the Compensation Committee, certified RSUs for payment.
OUTSTANDING EQUITY AWARDS AT FISCAL YEAR-END
Option AwardsStock Awards
NameNumber of Securities Underlying Unexercised Options (#) ExercisableNumber of Securities Underlying Unexercised Options (#) UnexercisableEquity Incentive Plan Awards Number of Securities Unearned Options (#)Option Exercise Price ($)Option Expiration DateNumber of Shares or Units That Have Not Vested (#)(1)Market Value of Shares or Units of Stock That Have Note Vested ($)Equity Inventive Plan Awards; Number of Unearned Shares, Units or Other Rights That Have Not Vested (#)(2)Equity Incentive Plan Awards: Market or Payout Value of Unearned Shares, Units or Other Rights That Have Not Vested ($)
Edward L. Rand, Jr.7/1/2019-55,157 963,5937/1/2019-
2/21/2020-14,526 253,7692/21/2020-14,526 253,769
2/23/2021-19,301 337,1882/23/2021-19,301 337,190
2/22/2022-40,371 705,2892/22/2022-40,371 705,289
Dana S. Hendricks2/21/2020-3,823 66,7882/21/2020-3,823 66,788
2/23/2021-7,110 124,2122/23/2021-7,111 124,228
2/22/2022-9,084 158,6902/22/2022-9,084 158,690
Jeffrey P. Lisenby2/21/2020-6,116 106,8472/21/2020-6,116 106,847
2/23/2021-8,126 141,9612/23/2021-8,127 141,975
2/22/2022-9,084 158,6902/22/2022-9,084 158,690
Michael L. Boguski2/21/2020-6,498 113,5202/21/2020-6,498 113,520
2/23/2021-8,634 150,8362/23/2021-8,635 150,848
2/22/2022-10,093 176,3222/22/2022-10,093 176,322
Kevin M. Shook2/21/2020-6,116 106,8472/21/2020-6,116 106,847
2/23/2021-8,126 141,9612/23/2021-8,127 141,975
2/22/2022-9,084 158,6902/22/2022-9,084 158,690
(1) The Stock Awards not vested reflect the number of RSUs granted as long term incentive compensation. The RSUs are denominated in shares of stockCommon Stock but no shares are issued on the date of Common Stock are actually issued to a participant at the time the RSUs are granted. The RSUs aregrant. Each RSU is payable in cash and shares of stock when they are vested.Common Stock in an amount equal to the market value of a share of Common Stock on the date of vesting. RSUs vest if a grantee remains continuously employed for a period of three years fromafter the date of grant if the grantee is continuously employed by ProAssurance or a subsidiary unless soonervesting is accelerated upon a change of control of ProAssurance or upon termination of employment by reason of death, disability or termination for good reason.

Performance Shares and RSUs are

(2) The Equity Incentive Plan Awards reflect the performance shares granted under the 2014 Equity Incentive Plan.

39

The performance shares vest if ProAssurance achieves performance criteria discussed under “Executive Compensation — Long-term Incentive Compensation” on page 24 of this proxy statement during the three year period commencing on the date of grant, except that performance shares are payable at the target level upon the participant’s death or disability and are payable upon the participant’s retirement or termination for good reason after the year of grant if any of the performance criteria has been achieved for the last year prior to the participant’s termination with such award to be prorated based on the time the participant is employed during the performance period. The number of unearned performance shares assumes the Named Executive Officer will earn the target number of performance shares.


30

OUTSTANDING EQUITY AWARDS AT FISCALYEAR-END

Stock Awards
Option Awards(1)Number
of Shares
or Units
of Stock
That Have
Not Vested
(#)(1)
Market
Value
of
Shares
or
Units
of
Stock
That
Have
Not
Vested
($)
Equity
Incentive Plan
Awards:

Number of
Unearned
Shares,
Units or Other
Rights That
Have
Not
Vested
(#)(2)
Equity
Incentive Plan

Awards:
Market
or Payout
Value of
Unearned
Shares, Units or
Other Rights
That Have
Not Vested
($)

Name

Number of
Securities
Underlying
Unexercised
Options
(#)
Exercisable
Number of
Securities
Underlying
Unexercised
Options
(#)
Unexercisable
Equity
Incentive
Plan
Awards
Number of
Securities
Underlying
Unexercised
Unearned
Options
(#)
Option
Exercise
Price
($)
Option
Expiration
Date

Edward L. Rand, Jr.

—  

—  

—  

—  

—  

—  

—  

—  

—  

—  

—  

—  

—  

—  

—  

—  

—  

—  

—  

—  


2/23/17-3,000

2/22/18-3,886

2/22/19-5,721

7/1/19-55,157



108,420

140,440

206,757

1,993,374



2/23/17-6,000

2/22/18-3,886

2/22/19-5,720

—  



216,840

140,440

206,721

—  


Dana S. Hendricks

—  

—  

—  

—  

—  

—  

—  

—  

—  

—  

—  

—  

—  

—  

—  


2/23/17-1,275

2/22/18-1,253

2/22/19-1,716



46,079

45,283

62,016



—  

—  

2/22/19-1,716



—  

—  

62,016


W. Stancil Starnes

—  

—  

—  

—  

—  

—  

—  

—  

—  

—  

—  

—  

—  

—  

—  


—  

2/22/18-7,772

2/22/19-5,721



—  

280,880

206,757



2/23/17-18,000

2/22/18-7,772

2/22/19-5,720



650,520

280,880

206,771


Michael L. Boguski

—  

—  

—  

—  

—  

—  

—  

—  

—  

—  

—  

—  

—  

—  

—  


2/23/17-3,000

2/22/18-3,886

2/22/19-27,460



108,420

140,440

992,404



2/23/17-6,000

2/22/18-3,886

2/22/19-4,576



216,840

140,440

165,377


Kevin M. Shook

—  

—  

—  

—  

—  

—  

—  

—  

—  

—  

—  

—  

—  

—  

—  


2/23/17-1,600

2/22/18-2,590

2/22/19-5,435



57,824

93,603

196,421



—  

—  

2/22/19-3,146



—  

—  

113,696


(1)

The Stock Awards not vested reflect the number of RSUs granted as long term incentive compensation. The RSUs are denominated in shares of Common Stock but no shares are issued on the date of grant. Each RSU is payable in cash and shares of Common Stock in an amount equal to the market value of a share of Common Stock on the date of vesting. RSUs vest three years after the date of grant if the grantee is continuously employed by ProAssurance or a subsidiary unless vesting is accelerated upon a change of control of ProAssurance or upon termination of employment by reason of death, disability or good reason.

(2)

The Equity Incentive Plan Awards reflect the performance shares granted under the 2014 Equity Incentive Plan. The performance shares vest if ProAssurance achieves performance criteria discussed under “Executive Compensation —Long-term Incentive Compensation” on page 29 of this proxy statement during the three year period commencing on the date of grant, except that performance shares are payable at the target level upon the participant’s death or disability and are payable upon the participant’s retirement or termination for good reason after the year of grant if any of the performance criteria has been achieved for the last year prior to the participant’s termination with such award to be prorated based on the time the participant is employed during the performance period. The number of unearned performance shares assumes the Named Executive Officer will earn the target number of performance shares.

40



OPTION EXERCISES AND STOCK VESTED(1)

(During Last Completed Fiscal Year)

Option AwardsStock Awards

Name

Number of Shares
Acquired on
Exercise
(#)
Value Realized
on
Exercise
($)
Number of Shares
Acquired on
Vesting
(#)
Value
Realized on
Vesting
($)

Edward L. Rand, Jr.

—  —  

7,630

4,183

(1)

(2)


333,431

181,886


Dana S. Hendricks

—  —  

—  

933

(1)

(2)


—  

39,861


W. Stancil Starnes

—  —  

22,890

183

(1)

(2)


1,000,293

7,086


Michael L. Boguski

—  —  

7,630

4,183

(1)

(2)


333,431

181,886


Kevin M. Shook

—  —  

—  

2,179

(1)

(2)


—  

94,331


(1)

These “shares acquired on vesting” consist of performance shares previously granted under the 2014 Equity Incentive Plan that vested in 2019 upon satisfaction of the performance criteria at the end of the performance period. The value realized reflects the market price of the vested shares on the date of vesting. Performance shares were paid in shares of Common Stock net of the cash required for withholding.

(2)

These “shares acquired on vesting” consist of RSUs previously granted under the 2014 Equity Incentive Plan that vested in 2019 upon satisfaction of the restricted period. The value realized reflects the market price of the vested shares on the date of vesting. RSUs were paid in shares of Common Stock net of the cash required for withholding.

Option AwardsStock Awards
NameNumber of Shares Acquired on Exercise (#)Value Realized on Exercise ($)Number of Shares Acquired on Vesting (#)Value Realized on Vesting ($)
Edward L. Rand, Jr.— (1)— 
5,721 (2)141,709 
Dana S. Hendricks— (1)— 
1,716 (2)42,505 
Jeffrey P. Lisenby— (1)— 
4,291 (2)106,288 
Michael L. Boguski— (1)— 
27,460 (2)680,184 
Kevin M. Shook— (1)— 
5,435 (2)134,625 
(1) Performance shares were granted to executive officers in 2020. As discussed previously on page 24, operational performance was below the threshold level for payment of performance shares, and those awards were certified to have no value.
(2) These “shares acquired on vesting” consist of RSUs previously granted under the 2014 Equity Incentive Plan that vested in 2022 upon satisfaction of the restricted period. The value realized reflects the market price of the vested shares on the date of vesting. RSUs were paid in shares of Common Stock net of the cash required for withholding.

NON-QUALIFIED DEFERRED COMPENSATION

Name

 Executive
Contributions
in
Last FY
($)
  Registrant
Contributions
in
Last FY
($)(1)
  Aggregate
Earnings
in Last
FY
($)
  Aggregate
Withdrawals/
Distributions
($)
 Aggregate
Balance
at Last FYE
($)
 

Edward L. Rand, Jr.

  26,000   26,000   279,971  —    1,383,604 

Dana S. Hendricks

  —     —     —    —    —   

W. Stancil Starnes

  71,526   70,386   549,590  —    2,630,845 

Michael L. Boguski

  19,812   19,812   34,126  —    227,318 

Kevin M. Shook

  8,060   8,060   16,256  —    99,333 

(1)

Registrant contributions are included in “Other Compensation” to Executives in the Summary Compensation Table.

NameExecutive Contributions in Last FY ($)Registrant Contributions
in
Last FY
($)(1)
Aggregate
Earnings
in Last
FY
($)
Aggregate Withdrawals/
Distributions
($)
Aggregate
Balance
at Last FYE
($)
Edward L. Rand, Jr.61,490 34,125 (360,647)1,919,760 
Dana S. Hendricks7,500 7,500 (5,333)38,846 
Jeffrey P. Lisenby10,161 10,153 (97,421)458,762 
Michael L. Boguski22,100 20,105 (61,344)365,773 
Kevin M. Shook8,060 7,930 (29,059)153,361 
(1) Registrant contributions are included in “Other Compensation” to Executives in the Summary Compensation Table.
Effective January 1, 2005, we adopted the Executive Nonqualified Excess Plan of ProAssurance Group (the “Deferred Compensation Plan”), for the benefit of eligible employees and directors. The employees eligible to participate in the plan are Vice Presidents and above of ProAssurance and any other employees whose annual compensation exceeds the dollar limit that applies to the definition of “highly compensated employee” found in the Internal Revenue Code (which was $125,000$135,000 in 2019)2022).

Under the Deferred Compensation Plan, an eligible employee may elect to defer up to 75% of his or her base salary. A director may elect to defer up to 100% of his or her director fees or other cash compensation. Effective January 1, 2006, we amended our Deferred Compensation Plan to provide for additional matching employer contributions on behalf of employees whose base compensation exceeds our qualified plan’s compensation limit. For these employees, we match salary reductions in an amount up to 10%5% of the amount by which their base compensation exceeds the compensation limit.

41


Deferred amounts are contributed to the Deferred Compensation Plan and contributions are credited with deemed investment earnings as if they were invested in one or more designated mutual funds pursuant to an investment election made by the participants as of the date of deferral. Distributions under the plan are made upon termination of employment or service, death, disability, or upon a change of control. Distributions are made in a lump sum or annual installments over a period not exceeding 10 years as elected by the participant. A separate distribution election can be made with respect to each year’s deferrals and matching contributions.

Employment and Severance Agreements

We entered into a new employment agreement with Edward L. Rand, Jr., when he camebecame our Chief Executive Officer on July 1, 2019. Mr. Rand has the following rights and benefits under that agreement:

a term expiring July 1, 2024, with one year renewal periods if the agreement is not terminated;

a minimum base salary of $900,000 subject to annual increases at the discretion of the Board of Directors;

annual incentive compensation with a target level not less than 120% of base salary, to be based on performance criteria established by the Board of Directors consistent with the criteria for other senior executive officers;

one-time award of restricted stock units with a grant date value of not less than $2 million to vest over five years;

31


annual long-term equity award with grant date value not less than $750,000;

perquisites consistent with those provided to the prior Chief Executive Officer, including without limitation, up to 50 hours of personal use on the corporate airplane; and

severance payments upon a termination of employment and payments upon a change of control as discussed in more detail under the caption “Payments on Termination and Change of Control.”

W. Stancil Starnes served as our Chief Executive Officer from July 1, 2007 to June 30, 2019, and now serves as our Executive Chairman. Mr. Starnes agreed to terminate his employment agreement upon his resignation as Chief Executive Officer. As a result, Mr. Starnes surrendered the following rights and benefits under that agreement:

a term expiring May 31, 2022;

a minimum base salary of $750,000 subject to annual increases at the discretion of the Board of Directors;

annual incentive compensation based on performance criteria established by the Board of Directors consistent with the criteria for other senior executive officers;

annual grant of equity compensation having an aggregate value of at least $500,000 based on the method ProAssurance uses to calculate compensation expense with respect to such awards for financial reporting purposes;

perquisites consistent with those provided to the prior Chief Executive Officer, including without limitation, up to 50 hours of personal use on the corporate airplane; and

severance payments upon a termination of employment and payments upon a change of control.

We entered into a Release and Severance Compensation Agreement with Dana S. Hendricks, our Chief Financial Officer, effective September 1, 2018, with Jeffrey P. Lisenby, our General Counsel, effective January 1, 2008, and with Kevin M. Shook, President of Workers’ Compensation, effective May 13, 2019, botheach of which provide for severance payments upon a termination of employment and payments upon a change of control, as discussed in more detail under the caption “Payments on Termination and Change of Control.”

42


In connection with our acquisition of Eastern Insurance Holdings, Inc. on January 1, 2014, we agreed to pay Michael L. Boguski a retention bonus in total amount of $1,200,000 payable in four equal installments of $300,000 with each installment payment being conditioned upon his employment on the installment payment date. Similarly, we agreed to pay Mr. Shook a retention bonus in total amount of $600,000 payable in four installments as follows — $100,000 in each of the first two years of employment, and $200,000 in each of the next two years of employment. We have paid both Mr. Boguski and Mr. Shook all four installments. Mr. Boguski and Mr. Shook each also agreed to a covenant not to compete that prohibits them from competing with Eastern’s workers’ compensation insurance business for three years after termination of employment (reduced to two years after the initial term). In exchange for the covenant not to compete, Mr. Boguski was entitled to an additional sum of $600,000 payable in monthly installments during the three years following the initial term, subject to forfeiture only if Mr. Boguski’s employment was terminated for cause during the payment period or he violated the noncompetition covenant. Through December 31, 2019, we have paid Mr. Boguski the total sum of $600,000 toward the compensation for his noncompetition covenant; therefore, there are no remaining payments to be made. Mr. Shook was entitled to an additional sum of $300,000 payable in monthly installments during the three years following the initial term, subject to forfeiture only if Mr. Shook’s employment was terminated for cause during the payment period or he violated the noncompetition covenant. Through December 31, 2019, we have paid Mr. Shook the total sum of $300,000 toward the compensation for his noncompetition covenant; therefore, there are no remaining payments to be made.

As a result of of Mr. Boguski’s new duties as President of our Specialty P&C Segment effective May 13, 2019, we entered into a new agreement providing that his annualnon-equity incentive compensation target will be set at 100% of base salary, and payment of an award in that amount was guaranteed for 2019. For 2020 and 2021, a portion of the annual incentive award will be guaranteedwas in the form of a contractual bonus and the remainder will bewas based on achievement of performance metrics established by our Compensation Committee. For 2022 and after, the annual incentive award will beis based entirely based on achievement of annual performance metrics. In addition, Mr. Boguski received aone-time equity compensation grant with a three-year vesting period and grant-date value of $1,000,000.

Payments on Termination and Change of Control

We have agreements with Mr. Rand and our other Named Executive Officers that provide severance benefits if we terminate their employment for cause or if they voluntarily terminate their employment for “good reason.” They may assert good reason for, among other reasons, a material reduction in compensation or position or change in location of employment.

Mr. Rand is entitled to severance benefits under his employment agreement if we terminate his employment without cause or he terminates his employment for good reason. In such event, Mr. Rand will be entitled to severance compensation in an amount equal to two times his then current base salary, and two times the average annual incentive compensation paid to him for the prior three years (for at least two times the target level bonus).
Mr. Rand is not entitled to be paid severance compensation on a change of control of ProAssurance unless he terminates his employment for good reason or his employment is terminated without cause after the change of control. He may terminate for good reason if there is a material reduction in his position as chief executive officer within two years after the change of control. Mr. Rand is not entitled to be reimbursed for any excise tax imposed on his severance compensation as an excess parachute payment under Internal Revenue Code Sections 280G and 4999.

Each of Ms. Hendricks, Mr. Lisenby, and Mr. Shook is entitled to severance compensation in an amount equal to each executive’s current base salary and an amount equal to the average annual incentive compensation paid to such executive for the prior three years if we terminate the executive’s employment without cause or the executive terminates her or his employment for good reason. Mr. Starnes no longer has a severance agreement with ProAssurance.

The Retention and Severance Compensation Agreement with Mr. Boguski includes an obligation to pay severance compensation if we terminate Mr. Boguskiis doubled for termination of employment by ProAssurance without cause or he terminates for good reason.

43


The amount of severance compensation is equal toby the sum of his annual base salary and average incentive compensation over the last three years plus any unpaid consideration for his covenant not to compete which is described above. Mr. Boguski will be entitled to two times the sum of his annual base salary and average incentive compensation if he terminates his employmentExecutive for good reason or he is terminated without cause within two years after afollowing change of control, and he isin control.

We have previously announced Mr. Boguski's planned retirement effective June 30, 2023. The information shown in the table below shows benefits Mr. Boguski would have been entitled to terminatereceive under his employment agreement for good reason if we elect not to renew and terminate his Retention and Severance Compensation Agreement.

termination of employment under various scenarios as of December 31, 2022.

Each of the agreements with Messrs. Rand, Boguski, Lisenby, and Shook and Ms. Hendricks require the terminated executive to release us from all claims relating to his employment as a condition to the provision of severance benefits. These agreements also include a covenant not to compete that extends for a period one to three years depending upon the multiple used for determining the amount of severance compensation, e.g. if severance compensation is two times the sum of salary and average incentive compensation, the restricted period is two years. The severance compensation is payable in equal monthly installments over the duration of the restricted period. If an executive violates the covenant not to compete, we may terminate future installment payments of severance compensation.

On December 1, 2010, our Board of Directors adopted resolutions directing ProAssurance and its subsidiaries not to execute any new agreements with executive officers that require a “single trigger” for the payment of severance benefits upon a change of control and that provide for a “gross up” for the excise tax imposed on excess parachute payments under Internal Revenue Code Sections 280G and 4999. The Board’s action does not change, alter or amend any employment agreements in effect at the time of the adoption of the resolutions.

44

The Severance Agreement with Mr. Lisenby continues to include the “gross up” provision because it was in effect at the time the Board adopted these policies.

32


The following table sets forth the amounts payable to the Named Executive Officers upon termination of their employment by reason of retirement or voluntary termination, death or disability, involuntary termination (termination by ProAssurance without cause and by the executive for good reason) and upon a change of control. The table assumes payment as if the termination of employment or change of control occurred on December 31, 2019:

   Retirement
or Voluntary
Termination
   Death or
Disability
   Involuntary
Termination(1)
   Involuntary
Termination
After Change
of Control(1)
   Change
of
Control
 
   $   $   $   $   $ 

Edward L. Rand, Jr.

          

Cash Severance-Annual Salary

   —      —      1,800,000    1,800,000    —   

Cash Severance-Average Annual Incentive

   —      —      2,160,000    2,160,000    —   

Equity Compensation Vesting(2)

   927,154    3,012,992    927,154    3,012,992    3,012,992 

Deferred Compensation(3)

   1,000,599    1,000,599    1,000,599    1,000,599    1,000,599 

Medical Benefits

   —      —      66,403    66,403    —   

Outplacement Services

   —      —      —      —      —   

280G Gross Up

   —      —      —      —      —   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

TOTAL

   1,927,752    4,013,590    5,954,156    8,039,994    4,013,590 

Dana S. Hendricks

          

Cash Severance-Annual Salary

   —      —      375,000    750,000    —   

Cash Severance-Average Annual Incentive

   —      —      95,208    190,416    —   

Equity Compensation Vesting(2)

   96,431    215,394    96,431    215,394    215,394 

Deferred Compensation(3)

   —      —      —      —      —   

Medical Benefits

   —      —      33,202    49,803    —   

Outplacement Services

   —      —      10,000    10,000    —   

280G Gross Up

   —      —      —      —      —   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

TOTAL

   96,431    215,934    609,841    1,215,613    215,934 

W. Stancil Starnes

          

Cash Severance-Annual Salary

   —      —      —      —      —   

Cash Severance-Average Annual Incentive

   —      —      —      —      —   

Equity Compensation Vesting(2)

   253,611    1,625,758    253,611    253,611    253,611 

Deferred Compensation(3)

   1,878,465    1,878,465    1,878,465    1,878,465    1,878,465 

Medical Benefits

   —      —      —      —      —   

Outplacement Services

   —      —      —      —      —   

280G Gross Up

   —      —      —      —      —   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

TOTAL

   2,132,076    3,504,223    2,132,076    2,132,076    2,132,076 

Michael L. Boguski

          

Cash Severance-Annual Salary

   —      —      2,716,250    2,716,250    —   

Cash Severance-Average Annual Incentive

   —      —      1,845,000    1,845,000    —   

Equity Compensation Vesting(2)

   528,604    1,763,921    528,604    1,763,921    1,763,921 

Deferred Compensation(3)

   133,727    133,727    133,727    133,727    133,727 

Medical Benefits

   —      —      99,605    99,605    —   

Outplacement Services

   —      —      —      —      —   

280G Gross Up

   —      —      —      —      —   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

TOTAL

   662,331    1,897,649    5,323,186    6,558,504    1,897,649 

Kevin M. Shook

          

Cash Severance-Annual Salary

   —      —      410,000    820,000    —   

Cash Severance-Average Annual Incentive

   —      —      301,711    603,421    —   

Equity Compensation Vesting(2)

   184,421    461,544    184,421    461,544    461,544 

Deferred Compensation(3)

   75,153    75,153    75,153    75,153    75,153 

Medical Benefits

   —      —      33,202    49,803    —   

Outplacement Services

   —      —      10,000    10,000    —   

280G Gross Up

   —      —      —      —      —   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

TOTAL

   259,574    536,797    1,014,486    2,019,921    536,697 

(1)

Reflects the maximum amount that can be paid upon involuntary termination of employment. If the executive terminates for good reason, the executive is entitled to cash severance, the executive’s account in

45

2022:

Retirement
or Voluntary
Termination
Death or
Disability
Involuntary
Termination(1)
Involuntary
Termination
After Change
of Control(1)
Change
of
Control
$$$$$
 Edward L. Rand, Jr.
Cash Severance-Annual Salary2,000,0002,000,000
Cash Severance-Average Annual Incentive2,400,0002,400,000
Equity Compensation Vesting(2)
1,541,4833,556,0871,541,4833,556,0873,556,087
Deferred Compensation(3)
1,495,3471,495,3471,495,3471,495,3471,495,347
Medical Benefits49,62449,624
Outplacement Services
TOTAL3,036,8305,051,4347,486,4549,501,0585,051,434
Dana S. Hendricks
Cash Severance-Annual Salary475,000950,000
Cash Severance-Average Annual Incentive322,721645,443
Equity Compensation Vesting(2)
214,984699,395214,984699,395699,395
Non-Compete
Deferred Compensation(3)
11,33111,33111,33111,33111,331
Medical Benefits25,21237,818
Outplacement Services10,00010,000
TOTAL226,315710,7261,059,2482,353,987710,726
Jeffrey P. Lisenby
Cash Severance-Annual Salary510,0001,020,000
Cash Severance-Average Annual Incentive348,923697,845
Equity Compensation Vesting(2)
266,757815,009266,757815,009815,009
Deferred Compensation(3)
288,161288,161288,161288,161288,161
Medical Benefits14,88622,330
Outplacement Services10,00010,000
280G Gross Up
TOTAL554,9181,103,1701,438,7272,853,3451,103,170
Michael L. Boguski
Cash Severance-Annual Salary946,667946,6671,420,000
Cash Severance-Average Annual Incentive946,6671,416,450
Equity Compensation Vesting(2)
286,645286,645286,645881,369881,369
Non-Compete
Deferred Compensation(3)
233,940233,940233,940233,940233,940
Medical Benefits
Outplacement Services
TOTAL520,5851,467,2522,413,9193,951,7591,115,309
Kevin M. Shook
Cash Severance-Annual Salary465,000930,000
Cash Severance-Average Annual Incentive396,208792,416
Equity Compensation Vesting(2)
266,757815,009266,757815,009815,009
Non-Compete
Deferred Compensation(3)
118,649118,649118,649118,649118,649
Medical Benefits25,21237,818
Outplacement Services10,00010,000
TOTAL385,406933,6581,281,8262,703,892933,658

(1) Reflects the maximum amount that can be paid upon involuntary termination of employment. If the executive terminates for good reason, the executive is entitled to cash severance, the executive’s account in the Deferred Compensation Plan, pro rata vesting of unpaid RSUs based on months of service during the restricted period, and pro rata vesting of performance shares based on months of services during the performance period and to the extent earned based on performance criteria as of the prior December 31. If we terminate the executive without cause, the executive is only entitled to cash severance and the executive’s account in the Deferred Compensation Plan. If we terminate the executive for cause, the executive is only entitled to the executive’s account in the Deferred Compensation Plan.
33

the Deferred Compensation Plan, pro rata vesting of unpaid RSUs based on months of service during the restricted period, and pro rata vesting of performance shares based on months of services during the performance period and to the extent earned based on performance criteria as of the prior December 31. If we terminate the executive without cause, the executive is only entitled to cash severance and the executive’s account in the Deferred Compensation Plan. If we terminate the executive for cause, the executive is only entitled to the executive’s account in the Deferred Compensation Plan. See Note (4) for a description of additional payments to Mr. Boguski under his Retention and Severance Compensation Agreement.

(2)

The value of the acceleration of equity compensation benefits is calculated to reflect our accounting expense for the unvested performance shares and stock awards that have not been earned for financial reporting purposes. The value of the unvested awards is based on the market value of a share of Common Stock of $36.14 based on the closing price on the NYSE on December 31, 2019 (the last trading day of 2019). We calculated the number of shares based on the target achievement levels since the unvested performance shares and stock awards have not been earned yet; therefore, it is possible that the actual amounts could be higher or lower, or that the performance criteria is not achieved so that no amount is payable. We disclose the threshold, target and maximum achievement levels in the table under the caption “Grants of Plan-Based Awards” on page 36 of this proxy statement.

(3)

Reflects the employer contributions that we contributed, or are earned as of December 31, 2019 and due to be contributed, for the account of the executive under the Deferred Compensation Plan and all earnings (losses) that have accrued on the executive’s account. The executives will be entitled to return of the contributions contributed to the plan as a deferral of executive’s then current compensation. The amount in the table excludes benefits that are payable upon retirement under our qualified retirement plan.

46



(2) The value of the acceleration of equity compensation benefits is calculated to reflect our accounting expense for the unvested performance shares and stock awards that have not been earned for financial reporting purposes. The value of the unvested awards is based on the market value of a share of Common Stock of $17.47 based on the closing price on the NYSE on December 30, 2022 (the last trading day of 2022). We calculated the number of shares based on the target achievement levels since the unvested performance shares and stock awards have not been earned yet; therefore, it is possible that the actual amounts could be higher or lower, or that the performance criteria is not achieved so that no amount is payable. We disclose the threshold, target and maximum achievement levels in the table under the caption “Grants of Plan-Based Awards” on page 28 of this proxy statement.

(3) Reflects the employer contributions that we contributed, or are earned as of December 31, 2022 and due to be contributed, for the account of the executive under the Deferred Compensation Plan and all earnings (losses) that have accrued on the executive’s account. The executives will be entitled to return of the contributions contributed to the plan as a deferral of executive’s then current compensation. The amount in the table excludes benefits that are payable upon retirement under our qualified retirement plan.

DIRECTOR COMPENSATION

(During Last Completed Fiscal Year)

Name

 Fees
Earned
or Paid
in Cash
($)
  Stock
Awards (1)
($)
  Non-
Equity
Incentive
Plan
Compensation
($)
  Change in
Pension
Value and
Nonqualified
Deferred
Compensation
Earnings
  All Other
Compensation
($)
  Total
($)
 

Kedrick D. Adkins Jr

  100,417   61,000   —     —     —     161,417 

Bruce D. Angiolillo

  106.917   61,000   —     —     —     167,917 

Samuel A. Di Piazza

  110,333   61,000   —     —     —     171,333 

Robert E. Flowers

  94,708   61,000   —     —     —     155,708 

Maye Head Frei

  46,333   61,000   —     —     —     107,333 

M. James Gorrie

  77,333   61,000   —     —     —     138,333 

Ziad R. Haydar

  78,833   61,000   —     —     —     139,833 

Frank A. Spinosa

  101,417   61,000   —     —     —     162,417 

Katisha T. Vance.

  77,333   61,000   —     —     —     138,333 

Thomas A. S. Wilson, Jr.

  101,167   61,000   —     —     —     162,167 

(1)

Includes 1,538 shares of Common Stock granted to the directors whose terms commenced on May 22, 2019, as stock awards under the 2014 Equity Incentive Plan. The closing price of a share of Common Stock on the NYSE on that date was $39.65.

NameFees
Earned
or Paid
in Cash
Stock
Awards
($)
NonEquity
Incentive
Plan
Compensation
($)
Change in
Pension
Value and
Nonqualified
Deferred
Compensation
Earnings
All Other
Compensation
($)
Total
($)
Kedrick D. Adkins Jr92,04295,000187,042 
Bruce D. Angiolillo155,14695,000250,146 
Fabiola Cobarrubias88,29295,000183,292 
Samuel A. Di Piazza91,41795,000186,417 
Maye Head Frei89,64695,000264,377449,023 
M. James Gorrie74,33395,000169,333 
Ziad R. Haydar83,50095,000178,500 
Frank A. Spinosa75,33395,000170,333 
Scott C. Syphax76,83395,000171,833 
Katisha T. Vance.91,00095,000186,000 
Thomas A. S. Wilson, Jr.80,58395,000175,583 

Non-management directors received an annual retainer of $70,000$80,000 in 2019.2022. In addition to this annual retainer, the ChairmanChair of the Audit Committee received an additional annual retainer of $20,000 in 2019;2022; the other members of the Audit Committee received an additional annual retainer of $12,500 in 2019.2022. The ChairmanChair of the Compensation Committee received an additional annual retainer of $12,500$12,250 in 2019.2022. The Lead Director received an additional retainer of $15,000$7,500 in 2019.2022. The ChairmanChair of the Nominating/ Corporate Governance Committee received an additional retainer of $10,000 in 2019.

Non-management2022.

Prior to April 1, 2022, non-management directors also received meeting fees in the amount of $2,000 for each day the director attends a board meeting and $1,500 for attendance at committee meetings that are not held on the same day as board meetings (each meeting fee is increased by $1,000 fornon-management directors who are required to travel to the meeting). Audit Committee members will receive a fee for attending committee meetings that are held on the same day as board meetings.

Our Board of Directors has adopted the ProAssurance Corporation Director Deferred Stock Compensation Plan to facilitate director stock compensation approved by the Compensation Committee. If granted by the Compensation Committee, the stock compensation is payable in whole shares of our Common Stock with a total value not to exceed the amount fixed by the Compensation Committee. The award is calculated using the NYSE closing price of a share of our Common Stock on the date of our annual meeting. In 2019,2022, the amount fixed by the Compensation Committee for the stock award for each director was $61,000.$95,000. Shares are payable from the shares reserved for issuance under the 2014 Equity Incentive Plan.

Under the terms of the Director Deferred Stock Compensation Plan, our directors may elect either to receive the shares of Common Stock currently or to defer the receipt of the shares until their service as a director has ended. Cash dividends accumulate on the shares of Common Stock credited to the accounts of the directors and are applied toward the acquisition of additional shares of Common Stock for the account of the director. The accumulated dividends are used to acquire whole shares of Common Stock at the price of a share on the date of the payment of the dividend. Any amount not applied to the acquisition of the shares is retained in each director’s account and accumulated with future dividends on the shares credited to the director’s account. The amount so accumulated is to be applied to the acquisition of shares of Common Stock on date of the next dividend payment until the shares are distributed. Subject to approval by the Board of Directors, a director may

47


request that the Company purchase the shares granted and accumulated under the plan at the time the director terminates his or her service on the Board.

Risk Management in Relation to Compensation Policies and Practices

Short term incentive compensation as well as long-term incentive compensation for the executive officers and key employees of ProAssurance is provided under guidelines established under incentive plans approved by our stockholders and reviewed annually by the Compensation Committee.

The performance objectives used to measure achievement under these incentive compensation plans involve a mix of performance measures that are commonly used by public companies in the insurance industry, which include the following: non-GAAP operating return on equity; weighted combined ratio; written premiums; expense management; CAGR/growth in book value; and stock performance against a nationally recognized index. These performance measures are weighted with the intent that a balance among the various measures is required to achieve maximum incentive compensation, thereby avoiding undue focus
34


on any one of the objective criteria. A description of the performance measures used in our incentive plans is included in this proxy statement under the caption “Executive Compensation — Compensation Discussion and Analysis” beginning on page 22.

27.

Our Compensation Committee analyzes the risks inherent in our incentive compensation plans in connection with its evaluation of the incentive compensation to be awarded to our key employees. As part of its duties as the Compensation Committee’s independent compensation consultant, Total Compensation Solutions,F.W. Cook, assists the Compensation Committee in its evaluation of the risks associated with our incentive compensation plans. Based on information provided by Total Compensation SolutionsF.W. Cook and its own analysis, the Compensation Committee has determined that the goals and incentives used in our incentive compensation plans are reasonable; are related to the sound financial management of ProAssurance and its subsidiaries; are generally consistent with past practice and industry practices; and do not present unnecessary or excessive risk that could threaten the value of ProAssurance in any material respect.

While all of our executive officers are compensated through the mixture of base salary, short-term incentive compensation and long-term incentive compensation as described under the caption “Executive Compensation — Compensation Discussion and Analysis” beginning on page 2227 of this proxy statement, we have a limited number of employees who are directly engaged in sales activity and receive a significant portion of their compensation in the form of commission payments for new and renewal business. The payment of commissions based solely on the production of business presents a risk of writing unprofitable business in order to obtain a commission. This risk is mitigated by the fact that the decision as to whether business will be written is made by our underwriting staff whose compensation is not commission based and whose incentive compensation, if any, is based on multiple performance measures under one or more of our previously described incentive plans.

We recognize that the performance measures under our incentive compensation plans are predominantly based on the financial information included in our financial statements and reports. There is a risk that incentive compensation could be paid based on erroneous financial information if our financial statements should be found to be inaccurate in any material respect. In December 2010 our Board of Directors adopted a recoupment (“clawback”) policy pursuant to which our executives must agree to pay back incentive compensation to the extent that such compensation is based on incorrect financial information derived from financial statements that are subsequently required to be restated.

Pay Ratio Disclosure

As required by the Dodd-Frank Act and SEC RegulationS-K, we are providing the following information about the relationship between the annual total compensation of our CEO, Mr. Rand, and the median of the annual total compensation of our employees for 20192022 (our “CEO pay ratio”). Our CEO pay ratio information is a reasonable good faith estimate calculated in a manner consistent with Item 402(u) of RegulationS-K.

48


The ratio of the annual total compensation of Mr. Rand to the median of the annual total compensation of our employees for 20192022 was 38.940 to 1.

This ratio was based on the following:

the annual total compensation of Mr. Rand for 2019,2022, as set forth in the Summary Compensation Table, was $3,738,428;$4,367,132; and

the median of the annual total compensation of all of our employees (other than Mr. Rand), determined in accordance with Item 402(u) of RegulationS-K, was $96,125.

$109,043.

For purposes of the above CEO pay ratio disclosure, we were required to identify a “median employee” based on our entire workforce, without regard to their location, compensation arrangements or employment status (full-time versus part-time). The “median employee” was determined by identifying the employee whose compensation was at the median of the compensation of our employee population (other than our CEO). The methodology and the material assumptions and estimates that we used to identify the median of the compensation of our employee population were as follows:

Employee Population:We determined that, as of December 31, 2019,2022, the date we selected to identify the “median employee,” our employee population consisted of 9581,063 individuals (other than the CEO) working for ProAssurance Corporation and our consolidated subsidiaries, with all of these individuals located in the United States.

Compensation Measures Used to Identify the Median Employee:For purposes of measuring the compensation of our employees to identify the “median employee,” we utilized base salary / wages and overtime pay, plus cash incentive compensation (annual bonus), commissions, or other cash compensation earned for individual and corporate performance in 2019.2022. We annualized the compensation of employees to cover the full calendar year and treated new hires as if they were hired at the beginning of the year, as permitted by applicable SEC rules and regulations. We did not make anycost-of-living adjustments. We then added the grant-date value of any long-term equity awards made in 2019,2022, plus employer contributions to our qualified retirement plan in 2019,2022, plus the actual value of company-paid benefits (including company-paid premiums for health, dental, life, and disability insurance and any company contribution to health savings accounts). Using this methodology, in accordance with Item 402(c)(2)(x) of RegulationS-K, we determined that the “median employee” was an employee with total compensation of $96,125$109,043 earned for the year ended December 31, 2019.

2022.

35


Pay Versus Performance
Pay Versus Performance Table
As required by the Dodd-Frank Act and Regulation S-K, we are providing the following information about the relationship between executive compensation actually paid (as defined by SEC rules) and certain financial performance metrics of the company. The Compensation Committee did not consider the pay versus performance disclosure when making its incentive compensation decisions. For further information about how we align executive compensation with the company’s performance, see “Compensation Discussion and Analysis” on page 18. The amounts in the table below are calculated in accordance with SEC rules and do not represent amounts actually earned or realized by NEOs, including with respect to RSUs and PSUs.
YearSummary Compensation Table Total for PEO
Compensation Actually Paid to PEO(1)
Average Summary Compensation Table Total for Non-PEO Named Executive Officers
Average Compensation Paid to Non-PEO Named Executive Officers(2)
Valuation of Initial Fixed $100 Investment Based On:Net Income (Loss)Company-
Selected
Performance
Measure
Total Shareholder Return ("TSR")(3)
Peer Group Total Shareholder Return(4)
Non-GAAP Operating Income (Loss)Non-GAAP Operating ROE
2022$4,367,132 $2,668,350 $1,556,544 $1,114,689 $50 $134 $(401,948)$24,508,779 1.9 %
2021$3,149,575 $3,851,913 $1,412,587 $1,559,032 $72 $119 $144,123,894 $75,891,905 5.8 %
2020$2,490,725 $466,261 $1,188,025 $573,379 $50 $103 $(175,726,830)$(27,741,383)1.4 %
(1) Represents the amount of “compensation actually paid” to Mr. Rand, as computed in accordance with Item 402(v) of Regulation S-K. The dollar amounts do not reflect the actual amount of compensation earned by or paid to Mr. Rand during the applicable year. In accordance with the requirements of Item 402(v) of Regulation S-K, the adjustments in the table below were made to Mr. Rand's total compensation for each year to determine the compensation actually paid:
PEO
202220212020
Total Compensation as reported$4,367,132 $3,149,575 $2,490,725 
Fair Value of equity awards granted during fiscal year(2,000,000)(949,998)(950,000)
Fair value of equity compensation granted in current year—value at end of year-end1,410,577 976,633 516,835 
Change in fair value for end of prior fiscal year to vesting date for awards made in prior fiscal years that vested during current fiscal year(3,032)26,503 (10,320)
Change in fair value from end of prior fiscal year to end of current fiscal year for awards made in prior fiscal years that were unvested at end of current fiscal year(961,611)718,332 (1,364,139)
Dividends or other earnings paid on stock or options awards in the covered fiscal year prior to the vesting date that are not otherwise included in the total compensation for the covered fiscal year— — — 
Fair value of awards forfeited in current fiscal year determined at end of prior fiscal year(144,716)(69,132)(216,840)
Compensation Actually Paid to CEO$2,668,350 $3,851,913 $466,261 
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(2) Represents the average amount of “compensation actually paid” to the NEOs as a group (excluding the CEO), as computed in accordance with Item 402(v) of Regulation S-K. The amounts do not reflect the actual average amount of compensation earned by or paid to the NEOs as a group during the applicable year. In accordance with the requirements of Item 402(v) of Regulation S-K, the adjustments in the table below were made to the NEOs’ total compensation for each year to determine the compensation actually paid:
NEO Averages
202220212020
Total Compensation as reported$1,556,544 $1,412,587 $1,188,025 
Fair Value of equity awards granted during fiscal year(462,500)(393,731)(368,742)
Fair value of equity compensation granted in current year—value at end of year-end326,196 404,770 200,609 
Change in fair value for end of prior fiscal year to vesting date for awards made in prior fiscal years that vested during current fiscal year(5,155)19,804 (7,632)
Change in fair value from end of prior fiscal year to end of current fiscal year for awards made in prior fiscal years that were unvested at end of current fiscal year(213,566)150,168 (330,461)
Dividends or other earnings paid on stock or options awards in the covered fiscal year prior to the vesting date that are not otherwise included in the total compensation for the covered fiscal year— — — 
Fair value of awards forfeited in current fiscal year determined at end of prior fiscal year(86,830)(34,566)(108,420)
Compensation Actually Paid to NEO$1,114,689 $1,559,032 $573,379 
(3) Cumulative TSR is calculated by dividing the sum of the cumulative amount of dividends for the measurement period, assuming dividend reinvestment, and the difference between the company’s share price at the end and the beginning of the measurement period by the company’s share price at the beginning of the measurement period.
(4) Represents the weighted peer group TSR, weighted according to the respective companies’ stock market capitalization at the beginning of each period for which a return is indicated. The peer group used for this purpose is the following published industry index: S&P 1500 Property & Casualty Insurance Index.
Financial Performance Measures
As described in greater detail in “Annual Incentive Compensation” beginning on page 22, our executive compensation plans are designed to directly link pay to performance, recognize both corporate and individual performance, promote long-term stock ownership, attract, retain and motivate talented executives, and balance risk and reward while taking into consideration stakeholder feedback as well as market trends and practices. The most important financial measures used by the company to link compensation actually paid (as defined by SEC rules) to the Company’s named executive officers for the most recently completed fiscal year to the company’s performance are:
Non-GAAP Operating ROE;
Consolidated Combined Ratio;
Relative Total Shareholder Return; and
Compound Annual Growth Rate in Book Value Per Share
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Analysis of the Information Presented in the Pay versus Performance Table
While we utilize several performance measures to align executive compensation with performance, all of those measures are not presented in the Pay versus Performance table. Moreover, the company generally seeks to incentivize long-term performance, and therefore does not specifically align the company’s performance measures with compensation that is actually paid (as defined by SEC rules) for a particular year. In accordance with Item 402(v) of Regulation S-K, we are providing the following graphic descriptions of the relationships between information presented in the Pay versus Performance table.
21990232676622199023267837
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21990232676762199023267698
OTHER MATTERS THAT MAY COME BEFORE THE ANNUAL MEETING

We have no present knowledge of any other matters to be presented at the annual meeting. If any other matters should properly come before the annual meeting, or any adjournment or postponement thereof, it is the intention of the persons named in the accompanying Proxy to vote such Proxy in accordance with their best judgment.

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39


BENEFICIAL OWNERSHIP OF OUR COMMON STOCK

Owners of More than 5% of Our Common Stock

Stockholders

  Amount & Nature
of Beneficial
Ownership(1)
   Percent
of Class(1)
 

BlackRock, Inc.(2)

   7,774,702    14.5

55 East 52nd Street

    

New York, New York 10055

    

The Vanguard Group, Inc.(3)

   5,982,784    11.12

100 Vanguard Blvd.

    

Malvern, Pennsylvania 19355

    

American Century Investment Management, Inc.(4)

   5,403,607    10.05

4500 Main Street, 9th Floor

    

Kansas City, Missouri 64111

    

(1)

Based solely on ownership information reported in the filings on Schedule 13G detailed below.

(2)

In a Schedule 13G filed with the SEC, BlackRock, Inc., a parent holding company, disclosed that, as of December 31, 2019, it had sole voting power with respect to 7,298,659 shares of Common Stock and sole dispositive power with respect to 7,434,207 shares of Common Stock.

(3)

In a Schedule 13G filed with the SEC, The Vanguard Group, Inc., an investment adviser, disclosed that, as of December 31, 2019, it had sole voting power with respect to 52,279 shares of Common Stock, shared voting power with respect to 13,258 shares of Common Stock, sole dispositive power with respect to 5,924,532 shares of Common Stock and shared dispositive power with respect to 58,252 shares of Common Stock.

(4)

In a Schedule 13G/A filed with the SEC, American Century Investment Management, Inc. (“ACIM”), an investment adviser, disclosed that, as of December 31, 2019, it had sole voting power with respect to 5,229,186 shares of Common Stock, no shared voting power, sole dispositive power with respect to 5,403,607 shares of Common Stock and no shared dispositive power. ACIM reported that is a wholly owned subsidiary of American Century Companies (“ACC”) and that Stowers Institute of Medical Research (“Stowers”) is a control person of American Century Companies; as a result, ACIM, ACC and Stowers all reported the same shares of Common Stock. Further, American Century Capital Portfolios (“ACCP”) is managed by ACIM and its shares are included in those listed for ACIM, ACC and Stowers. ACCP is an investment company managed by ACIM, and ACCP has sole voting power and sole dispositive power for the shares reported in the Schedule 13G/A, which shares are included in the number of shares in the above table.

Stockholders
Amount & Nature
of Beneficial
Ownership(1)
Percent
of Class(1)
BlackRock, Inc.(2)
7,851,71214.60 %
55 East 52nd Street
New York, New York 10055
The Vanguard Group, Inc.(3)
6,237,88611.56 %
100 Vanguard Blvd.
Malvern, Pennsylvania 19355
Wellington Management Group LLP(4)
3,438,3256.37 %
280 Congress Street
Boston, MA 02210
(1) Based solely on ownership information reported in the filings on Schedule 13G detailed below.
(2) In a Schedule 13G filed with the SEC, BlackRock, Inc., a parent holding company, disclosed that, as of December 31, 2022, it had sole voting power with respect to 7,755,965 shares of Common Stock and sole dispositive power with respect to 7,851,712 shares of Common Stock.
(3) In a Schedule 13G filed with the SEC, The Vanguard Group, Inc., an investment adviser, disclosed that, as of December 31, 2022, it had sole voting power with respect to 0 shares of Common Stock, shared voting power with respect to 38,564 shares of Common Stock, sole dispositive power with respect to 6,146,424 shares of Common Stock and shared dispositive power with respect to 91,462 shares of Common Stock.
(4) In a Schedule 13G filed with the SEC, Wellington Management Group LLP, a parent holding company, disclosed that, as of December 31, 2022, it had sole voting power with respect to 0 shares of Common Stock, shared voting power with respect to 3,195,506 shares of Common Stock, sole dispositive power with respect to 0 shares of Common Stock and shared dispositive power with respect to 3,438,325 shares of Common Stock.

Ownership by Our Directors and Executive Officers

The following table sets forth, as of March 27, 2020,2023, information regarding the ownership of Common Stock by:

our executive officers named in the Summary Compensation Table under “Executive Compensation,” which we refer to as the “Named Executive Officers;”

our directors and director nominees; and

all of our directors and executive officers as a group.

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Stockholders
Amount & Nature
of Beneficial
Ownership(1)
Percent
of Class
Directors
Kedrick D. Adkins Jr.14,861*
Bruce D. Angiolillo17,515*
Fabiola Cobarrubias7,075*
Samuel A. Di Piazza, Jr.26,834*
Maye Head Frei13,173*
M. James Gorrie28,941*
Ziad R. Haydar22,371*
Edward L. Rand, Jr.(2)
147,661*
Frank A. Spinosa24,164*
Scott C. Syphax7,075*
Katisha T. Vance16,026*
Thomas A. S. Wilson, Jr.26,941*
Other Named Executive Officers
Dana S. Hendricks17,870*
Jeffrey P. Lisenby69,924*
Michael L. Boguski55,932*
Kevin M. Shook25,040*
All Directors, Director Nominees and Executive Officers as a Group (16 Persons)521,4030.97%

* Less than 1%.

40

Stockholders

 Amount & Nature
of Beneficial
Ownership(1)
  Percent
of Class

Directors

     

Kedrick D. Adkins Jr.

  3,233  *

Bruce D. Angiolillo.

  5,776  *

Samuel A. Di Piazza, Jr.

  14,939  *

Robert E. Flowers

  90,403  *

Maye Head Frei.

  1,616  *

M. James Gorrie

  16,881  *

Ziad R. Haydar

  10,556  *

Edward L. Rand, Jr.(2)

  121,341  *

Frank A. Spinosa

  11,765  *

W. Stancil Starnes

  210,367  *

Katisha T. Vance

  4,349  *

Thomas A. S. Wilson, Jr.

  14,881  *
Other Named Executive Officers  

Dana S. Hendricks

  4,657  *

Michael L. Boguski

  34,338  *

Kevin M. Shook

  15,085  *
All Directors, Director Nominees and Executive Officers as a Group (16 Persons)  622,339  1.16%

*

Less than 1%.

(1)

Except as otherwise indicated, the persons named in the above table have sole voting power and investment power with respect to all shares of Common Stock shown as beneficially owned by them. The information as to the beneficial ownership of Common Stock has been furnished by the respective persons listed in the above table. The information excludes restricted stock units and performance shares granted to executive officers that are unvested. No executive officer holds unexercised stock options.

(2)

Shares are held in a joint brokerage account for Mr. Rand and his spouse.


(1) Except as otherwise indicated, the persons named in the above table have sole voting power and investment power with respect to all shares of Common Stock shown as beneficially owned by them. The information as to the beneficial ownership of Common Stock has been furnished by the respective persons listed in the above table. The information excludes restricted stock units and performance shares granted to executive officers that are unvested. No executive officer holds unexercised stock options.
(2) Shares are held in a joint brokerage account for Mr. Rand and his spouse.

TRANSACTIONS WITH RELATED PERSONS

Our Code of Ethics and Conduct addresses conflicts of interest that arise when an employee or member of his or her family receives a personal benefit in a transaction involving ProAssurance or a subsidiary. Generally, employees are required to report any situation involving an actual or potential conflict of interest to ProAssurance for a determination of whether it involves a permissible conflict of interest. The Code of Ethics and Conduct provides specific guidance as to the following situations:

Employees are prohibited from (i) taking for themselves personally opportunities that are discovered through the use of ProAssurance’s information or position, (ii) using ProAssurance’s property, information or position for personal gain and (iii) competing with ProAssurance.

If ProAssurance or a subsidiary does business or considers doing business with a company in which an employee or member of his or her family is employed or has a material financial or other interest, the employee must disclose the interest to his or her supervisor if he or she is aware of the proposed business relationship and refrain from participating in the approval process.

If an employee participates in religious, charitable, educational or civic activities, good judgment must be exercised to abstain from involvement in activities which would present a conflict of interest or interfere with responsibilities to or the reputation of ProAssurance.

The Nominating/Corporate Governance Committee has adopted the Procedures for Evaluation of Reportable Related Party Transactions. The procedures provide a framework for evaluating any transaction that

51


the Company determines would be required to be publicly disclosed by Item 404(a) of RegulationS-K, and apply to directors, nominees for directors, executive officers and certain persons related to any of the foregoing (related parties). The procedures are administered by the Company’s general counsel acting as Corporate Compliance Officer. The general counsel monitors compliance and reviews annually a completed questionnaire from each director, nominee for director and executive officer that sets forth certain business and other affiliations that relate to the business and activities of the Company. The general counsel reports any related party transaction he becomes aware of to the Nominating/Corporate Governance Committee. The committee must evaluate the transaction to determine whether it is fair and reasonable to the Company, and should also evaluate the impact the transaction will have on a director’s independence, if applicable.

ProAssurance adopted written policies and procedures for the review, approval or ratification of personal travel on corporate aircraft effective December 1, 2006. Pursuant to the Policies and Procedures for Personal Use of Aircraft, senior executive officers, directors and such other employees of ProAssurance or its subsidiaries as may be designated by the Chief Executive Officer may use the corporate aircraft for personal travel if the aircraft is not otherwise required for business-related travel, upon reasonable notice to the Chief Executive Officer. As used in the Policies and Procedures for Personal Use of Aircraft, personal travel includes travel for entertainment, amusement or recreational purposes as described in Internal Revenue Service Notice2005-45.

The Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors will establish, after reviewing the cost of the personal travel, the number of flight hours for which the Chief Executive Officer may use the corporate aircraft for personal travel in the succeeding twelve month period without further approval of the Committee. The Compensation Committee has established the number of aggregate flight hours for which all other authorized users may use the corporate aircraft for personal travel during the succeeding twelve months with the approval of the Chief Executive Officer as follows: 50 flight hours for personal travel by the Chief Executive Officer and 20 flight hours for personal travel by other authorized users in the aggregate. The Chief Executive Officer must get the prior approval of the Compensation Committee before approving any personal travel which exceeds the aggregate limit. The Compensation Committee may delegate to any of its members the authority to approve requests for personal travel in excess of established limits. Both the Compensation Committee and the Chief Executive Officer are responsible for applying the Policies and Procedures for Personal Use of Aircraft.

ProAssurance had transactionsand B&G are members of Hangar 24, LLC, which leases the hangar used by ProAssurance and B&G for their respective aircraft. Hangar 24, LLC is a cost sharing arrangement for the use of the hangar and serves as the payment agent for fuel purchased for each individual aircraft. This relationship is described in 2019the Section titled “Independent Directors” in which onethis Proxy Statement.
Birmingham Hematology & Oncology Associates, LLC, where Dr. Katisha T. Vance is a physician, partner, and Vice-President, purchased medical professional liability insurance from an insurance subsidiary of our directors, Ziad R. Haydar, M.D., had a direct or indirect material interest.ProAssurance in 2022-2023. Patient Inpatient Medical Group, where Dr. Haydar wasCobarrubias is the Chief ClinicalExecutive Officer, purchased medical professional liability insurance from an insurance subsidiary of Ascension Health Care Division (“AH”) until June 2019. Ascension Health Alliance d/b/a Ascension (“Ascension”) isProAssurance in 2022-2023. These relationships are described in the parent holdingSection titled “Independent Directors” in this Proxy Statement.
Lastly, as previously disclosed in our SEC filings, the company for AH and Ascension Health Insurance, Ltd. (“AHIL”). Effective January 1, 2011, ProAssurancehas entered into a Program Agreementseverance agreements with AH (the “Program”) pursuantvarious ProAssurance executives.
DELINQUENT SECTION 16(a) REPORTS
Section 16(a) of the Securities Exchange Act requires ProAssurance’s executive officers and directors and persons who beneficially own more than ten percent of ProAssurance’s common shares to which a branded joint insurance program was created to insure the professional liabilityfile electronically reports of certain physiciansownership and healthcare providers affiliatedchanges in ownership of such common shares with the Ascension health system, which is comprisedSEC and NYSE. These persons are required by SEC regulations to furnish ProAssurance with copies of over 100non-profit hospitalsall Section 16(a) forms they file. Based on ProAssurance’s review of such forms, as well as information provided and other healthcare providers (the “System”). The Program, marketed underrepresentations made by the name “Certitude®,” is administeredreporting persons, ProAssurance believes that all of its executive officers, directors and underwritten bybeneficial owners of more than ten percent of its common shares complied with the reporting requirements of Section 16(a) during ProAssurance’s insurance subsidiaries. Policies issued under the Program are reinsured by AHIL. In 2019, ProAssurance’s insurance subsidiaries wrote premiums through the Program in the amount of $39,401,028, of which $11,229,569 was paid by Ascension affiliates on behalf of the physicians. ProAssurance paid a reinsurance premium to AHIL in the amount of $19,490,658 in 2019, and AHIL paid to ProAssurance a ceding commission of $2,490,100 in 2019.

fiscal year ended December 31, 2022.

41


PROPOSALS OF STOCKHOLDERS

Stockholder Nominations for Directors

OurBy-Laws require that a stockholder who desires to nominate directors at an annual meeting of stockholders must give us written notice of his or her intent not later than December 31 in the year preceding the annual meeting, or such other date as may be established by our Board of Directors for a particular annual meeting by prior written notice to the stockholders. The stockholder’s notice must set forth:

the name and address of the stockholder who intends to make the nomination and of the person or persons to be nominated;

52


a representation that the stockholder is a holder of record at the time of such notice and intends to be a holder of record on the record date for such meeting and intends to appear in person or by proxy at the meeting to nominate the person or persons specified in the notice;

a description of all arrangements or understandings between the stockholder and each nominee and any other person or persons (naming such person or persons) pursuant to which the nomination or nominations are to be made by the stockholder;

such other information regarding each nominee proposed by such stockholder as would have been required to be included in a proxy statement filed pursuant to the proxy rules of the SEC had the Board of Directors solicited proxies for the election of such nominee at the meeting; and

the consent of each nominee to serve as a director of ProAssurance if so elected.

Stockholder Proposals for our 20212024 Annual Meeting

If you wish to present proposals for inclusion in the proxy materials to be distributed by us in connection with our 20212024 annual meeting, you must submit your proposal in proper form (in accordance with the SEC Rule14a-8), to our Secretary on or before December 31, 2020,2023, in order for the proposal to be considered for inclusion in the proxy statement for the 20202024 annual meeting of stockholders. Simply submitting a proposal does not guarantee its inclusion, as the rules of the SEC make clear. The stockholder’s notice must set forth:

a brief description of the business desired to be brought before the meeting and the reasons for considering such matter or matters at the meeting;

the name and address of the stockholder who intends to propose such matter or matters;

a representation that the stockholder has been a holder of record of stock of ProAssurance entitled to vote at such meeting for a period of one year and intends to hold such shares through the date of the meeting and appear in person or by proxy at such meeting to propose such matter or matters;

any material interest of the stockholder in such matter or matters; and

a description of all understandings or relationships between the stockholder and any other person(s) (naming such persons) with respect to the capital stock of ProAssurance as to the matter specified in the notice.

The notice and any accompanying statement may not exceed 500 words. Stockholders are not permitted to submit proposals for consideration at special meetings.


OTHER MATTERS

Policies on Reporting of Concerns Regarding Accounting and Other Matters and on Communicating with Directors

We have adopted policies for any person, whether or not a stockholder or employee, to report concerns regarding accounting and other matters and to communicate with our lead independent director.Independent Chairman of the Board. Any person who has a concern about the conduct of ProAssurance or any of our people, including with respect to our accounting, internal accounting controls or auditing issues, may, in a confidential or anonymous manner, communicate that concern to the members of the Audit Committee via the internet or telephone by using the EthicsPoint hotline described in the Corporate Governance section on our website at www.ProAssurance.com. Any person may communicate with our lead director, Thomas A. S. Wilson, Jr.,Independent Chairman, Bruce D. Angiolillo, by submitting a report clearly marked to his attention through the EthicsPoint hotline. Further information on the procedure for these communications is available in the Corporate Governance section of our website at www.ProAssurance.com.

Important Notice Regarding Delivery of Stockholder Documents

Beneficial owners of Common Stock who share a single address may receive only one copy of the Notice of Internet Availability or the Proxy Materials, as the case may be, unless their broker, bank, trustee or nominee

53


has received contrary instructions from any beneficial owner at that address. This practice, known as “householding,” is designed to reduce printing and mailing costs. If any beneficial stockholder(s) sharing a single address wishes to discontinue householding and receive a separate copy of the Notice of Internet Availability or the Proxy Materials, as the case may be, they may contact Broadridge, either by calling(866) 540-7095, or by writing to Broadridge, Householding Department, 51 Mercedes Way, Edgewood, New York 11717.

A majority of brokerage firms have instituted householding. If your family has multiple holdings in ProAssurance that are held in street name with a broker, you may have received householding notification directly from your broker. If so, please contact your broker directly if you have any questions, if you require additional copies of the proxy statement or annual report, if you are currently receiving multiple copies of the proxy statement and annual report and which to receive only a single copy, or if you wish to revoke your decision to household and thereby receive multiple statements and reports.

Incorporation by Reference

To the extent that this proxy statement is incorporated by reference into any other filing by ProAssurance under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Exchange Act, the sections of this proxy statement titled “Report of the Compensation Committee,” and “Report of the Audit Committee” (to the extent permitted by the rules of the SEC), as well as any exhibits to this proxy statement, will not be deemed incorporated, unless specifically provided otherwise in such filing.

54


LOGOLOGO                     

        LOGO

VOTE BY INTERNET - www.proxyvote.com

Use the Internet to transmit your voting instructions and for electronic delivery of information. Vote by 11:59 P.M. Central Daylight Time on 05/19/2020 for shares held directly and by 11:59 P.M. Central Daylight Time on 05/17/2020 for shares held in a Plan. Have your proxy card in hand when you access the web site and follow the instructions to obtain your records and to create an electronic voting instruction form.

ELECTRONIC DELIVERY OF FUTURE PROXY MATERIALS

If you would like to reduce the costs incurred by our company in mailing proxy materials, you can consent to receiving all future proxy statements, proxy cards and annual reports electronically via e-mail or the Internet. To sign up for electronic delivery, please follow the instructions above to vote using the Internet and, when prompted, indicate that you agree to receive or access proxy materials electronically in future years.

VOTE BY PHONE - 1-800-690-6903

Use any touch-tone telephone to transmit your voting instructions. Vote by 11:59 P.M. Central Daylight Time on 05/19/2020 for shares held directly and by 11:59 P.M. Central Daylight Timeon 05/17/2020 for shares held in a Plan. Have your proxy card in hand when you call and then follow the instructions.

VOTE BY MAIL

Mark, sign and date your proxy card and return it in the postage-paid envelope we have provided or return it to Vote Processing, c/o Broadridge, 51 Mercedes Way, Edgewood, NY 11717.

    LOGO

TO VOTE, MARK BLOCKS BELOW IN BLUE OR BLACK INK AS FOLLOWS:        ☒

KEEP THIS PORTION FOR YOUR RECORDS  

DETACH AND RETURN THIS PORTION ONLY  

THIS PROXY CARD IS VALID ONLY WHEN SIGNED AND DATED.

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The Board of Directors recommends you vote FOR the following:

For

All



Withhold

All



For All

Except


To withhold authority to vote for any individual nominee(s), mark “For All Except” and write the number(s) of the nominee(s) on the line below.LOGO

LOGO

1.  Election of Directors

       Nominees

01)     Samuel A. DiPiazza, Jr.              02)      Robert E. Flowers               03)      Edward L. Rand, Jr.               04)      Katisha T. Vance          

The Board of Directors recommends you vote FOR proposals 2 and 3.

For

Against

Abstain  

2.  To ratify the appointment of Ernst & Young LLP as independent auditor.

3.  Advisory vote to approve executive compensation.

NOTE: Such other business as may properly come before the meeting or any adjournment thereof.

For address change/comments, mark here.

(see reverse for instructions)

YesNoLOGO
Please indicate if you plan to attend this meeting

Please sign exactly as your name(s) appear(s) hereon. When signing as attorney, executor, administrator, or other fiduciary, please give full title as such. Joint owners should each sign personally. All holders must sign. If a corporation or partnership, please sign in full corporate or partnership name by authorized officer.

SHARES  

CUSIP #  

SEQUENCE #  

JOB #




Signature [PLEASE SIGN WITHIN BOX]

DateSignature (Joint Owners)Date


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Important Notice Regarding the Availability of Proxy Materials for the Annual Meeting: The Annual Report, Notice & Proxy Statement is/are available atwww.proxyvote.com

LOGO

PROASSURANCE CORPORATION                        
Annual Meeting of Stockholders                        
May 20, 2020 9:00 AM Central Daylight Time                        
This proxy is solicited by the Board of Directors                        

The undersigned stockholder of ProAssurance Corporation, or the “Company,” acknowledges receipt of the Notice of the Annual Meeting of Stockholders and Proxy Statement, each dated April 9, 2020, and the undersigned revokes all prior proxies and appoints Jeffrey P. Lisenby and Lee M. Pope, and each of them, as attorneys and proxies for the undersigned to vote all shares of common stock of the Company which the undersigned would be entitled to vote at the Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be held on the fifth floor of the headquarters of the Company, 100 Brookwood Place, Birmingham, AL 35209, at 9:00 a.m., Central Daylight Time, on Wednesday, May 20 2020, or at any adjournment, continuation or postponement thereof, and instructs said proxies to vote as indicated on the reverse.

THIS PROXY, WHEN PROPERLY EXECUTED, WILL BE VOTED AS DIRECTED BY THE STOCKHOLDER(S). IF NO DIRECTION IS MADE, THE SHARES WILL BE VOTED FOR THE ELECTION OF ALL NOMINEES LISTED HEREIN AS DIRECTORS, FOR THE RATIFICATION OF THE APPOINTMENT OF ERNST & YOUNG LLP AS INDEPENDENT AUDITOR, AND FOR THE APPROVAL OF COMPENSATION OF OUR NAMED EXECUTIVE OFFICERS.

Address change/ comments:

(If you noted any Address Changes and/or Comments above, please mark corresponding box on the reverse side.)

Continued and to be signed on reverse side


*** Exercise YourRight to Vote ***

Important Notice Regarding the Availability of Proxy Materials for the

Stockholder Meeting to Be Held on May 20, 2020

Meeting Information
PROASSURANCE CORPORATION

Meeting Type: Annual Meeting

For holders as of: March 27, 2020

Date: May 20, 2020              Time:9:00 AM CDT

Location:

ProAssurance Corporation

LOGO

5th Floor

100 Brookwood Place

Birmingham, AL 35209

LOGO         

PROASSURANCE CORPORATION

100 BROOKWOOD PLACE

BIRMINGHAM, AL 35209

You are receiving this communication because you hold shares in the above named company.

This is not a ballot. You cannot use this notice to vote these shares. This communication presents only an overview of the more complete proxy materials that are available to you on the Internet. You may view the proxy materials online atwww.proxyvote.comor easily request a paper copy (see reverse side).

We encourage you to access and review all of the important information contained in the proxy materials before voting.

See the reverse side of this notice to obtain proxy materials and voting instructions.


  Before You Vote  —

How to Access the Proxy Materials

Proxy Materials Available to VIEW or RECEIVE:

1. Annual Report     2. Notice & Proxy Statement

How to View Online:

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          Voting items             

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The Board of Directors recommends you vote FOR the following:

  1.

Election of Directors

Nominees

  01)

Samuel A. DiPiazza, Jr.      02) Robert E. Flowers      03) Edward L. Rand, Jr.      04) Katisha T. Vance

The Board of Directors recommends you vote FOR proposals 2 and 3.

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2.   To ratify the appointment of Ernst & Young LLP as independent auditor.

3.   Advisory vote to approve executive compensation.

NOTE: Such other business as may properly come before the meeting or any adjournment thereof.



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